ABSTRACT
To
contribute to improving the management of patients with heart failure and
anemia in Brazzaville, a prospective and descriptive study was conducted in the
University Hospital of Brazzaville for nine months (January 1st to September 30, 2017). Included
57 patients hospitalized for left or global heart failure and presenting
anemia. Anemia was defined by an haemoglobin level < 12 g/dL in men and
<11 g/dL in women. Proportionings of the reticulocytes rate, serum iron,
ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP),
electrophoresis of proteins, and evaluation of renal function by glomerular
filtration rate (GFR), as well as the treatments of heart failure, and the
auxiliary therapeutic ones, in particular the antithrombotic drugs, allowed
aetiologic research. They were 20 men (35%) and 37 women (65%), old on average
of 59 ± 17 years. The average rate of haemoglobin was 11.4 ± 1.4 g/dL. Heart
failure was de novo in 24 cases (42.1%), old in 33 cases (57.9%); it was global
in 54 cases (94.7%).The maintenance treatment associated diuretics in 32 cases
(97%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin II
receptor blocker (ARB) in 31 cases (94%), beta-blockers in two cases (6.1%),
digoxin in four cases (12.1%), aspirin in five cases (15.1%) and anti-vitamin K
in four cases (12.1%). Anemia was microcytic hypochromic in 30 cases (52.6%),
normocytic normochromic in 20 cases (35.1%), and macrocytic normochromic in one
case (1.7%). The main aetiologic factors were hemodilution in 46 cases (80.7%),
renal insufficiency in 30 cases (52.3%), inflammation in 29 cases (50.8%), and
iron deficiency in one case (1.7%). The HIV serology, carried out in 11 cases,
was negative. Anemia is a frequent comorbidity among heart failure patients.
Aetiologic research remains difficult in our context, and its often
multifactorial origin.
Share and Cite:
Ikama, S. , Memougame, J. , Makani, J. , Oko, T. , Kaky, E. , Ngolet, L. , Moualengue, B. , Gankama, T. and Kaky, S. (2023) Aetiologic Factors of Anemia During Heart Failure in Brazzaville (The Republic of the Congo).
World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases,
13, 605-612. doi:
10.4236/wjcd.2023.139053.