Author(s)

Tatiana Denise Nimpa Fozong^1,2*, Ojuku Tiafack¹, Simeon Tchakonte³, Christiane Guillaine Nimpa Ngeumo⁴, Dominique Badariotti²

¹Department of Geography, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon.
²Image, City and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Geography and Planning, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
³Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
⁴Department of Geography and Planning, Faculty of Arts, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon.

Extreme weather anomalies such as rainfall and its subsequent flood events are governed by complex weather systems and interactions between them. It is important to understand the drivers of such events as it helps prepare for and mitigate or respond to the related impacts. In line with the above statements, quarter-hourly data for the year 2021 recorded in the Yaounde meteorological station were synthesized to come out with daily and dekadal (10-day averaged) anomalies of six climate factors (rainfall, temperature, insolation, relative humidity, dew point and wind speed), in order to assess the occurrences and severity of floods to changing weather patterns in Yaounde. In addition, Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) was computed to evaluate the distribution and analyse the frequency and intensity of precipitation. Coefficient of variation (CV) was used to estimate the seasonal and annual variation of rainfall patterns, while Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test was performed to detect weather anomalies (12-month period variation) in quarter-hourly rainfall data from January 1^st to December 31^st 2021. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) was also used to quantify the rainfall deficiency of the observed time scale. Results reveal that based on the historical data from 1979 to 2018 in the bimodal rainfall forest zone, maximum and minimum temperature averages recorded in Yaounde in 2021 were mostly above historical average values. Precipitations were rare during dry seasons, with range value of 0 - 13.6 mm for the great dry season and 0 - 21.4 mm for the small dry season. Whereas during small and great rainy seasons, rainfalls were regular with intensity varying between 0 and 50 mm, and between 0 and 90.4 mm, respectively. The MK trend test showed that there was a statistical significant increase in rainfall trend for the month of August at a 5% level of significance, while a significant decreasing trend was observed in July and December. There was a strong irregular rainfall distribution during the months of February, July and December 2021, with a weather being mildly wetted during all the dry seasons and extremely wetted in August. Recorded flooding days within the year of study matched with heavy rainy days including during dry seasons.

Weather Variability Analysis, Rainfall Anomalies, Precipitation Indices, Flood Hazard, Yaounde-Cameroon

Fozong, T. , Tiafack, O. , Tchakonte, S. , Ngeumo, C. and Badariotti, D. (2023) Analysis of Weather Anomalies to Assess the 2021 Flood Events in Yaounde, Cameroon (Central Africa). American Journal of Climate Change, 12, 292-320. doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2023.122014.