Author(s)

Moustapha Diop^1*, Papa Samba Ba¹, Viviane Marie Pierre Cisse², Ndèye Aissatou Lakhe², Betty Fall¹, Moustapha Lo^1,3, Ndong Essomba⁴, Bruce Wembulua², Fatimata Wone⁵, Becaye Fall⁶, Khardiata Diallo-Mbaye², Daye Ka², Louise Fortes⁵, Ousmane Faye⁷, Ndongo Dia⁷, Khalifa Ababacar Wade⁸, Abdou Rajack Ndiaye⁹, Amadou Alpha Sall⁷, Moussa Seydi², Mame Thierno Dieng⁹

¹Epidemic Treatment Center, Dakar Principal Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
²Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, FANN Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
³Psychiatry Department, Dakar Principal Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
⁴Internal Medicine Department, Deido District Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
⁵Dalal Jamm Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
⁶Federation of Laboratories, Dakar Principal Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
⁷Pasteur Institute of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
⁸Anesthesia-Resuscitation Department, Dakar Principal Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
⁹Dakar Principal Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.

Introduction-Objective: COVID-19 is a highly transmissible but often mild viral infection. However, some patients can present severe COVID-19 and subsequently die. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors for COVID-19 related death during the first three waves of the disease at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of Dakar Principal Hospital (DPH). Method: We conducted a descriptive and analytical perspective survival study from April 4, 2020 to September 25, 2021, including adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalized at the ETC of DPH. Log Rank test and multivariate Cox model were performed to identify risk factors for death. Results: We included 556 COVID-19 patients with mean age of 57 ± 17 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.26. The number of deaths during one month of follow-up was 41, representing a cumulative risk of 7.4%. The log Rank test showed that being from the third wave (p = 0.0056), advanced age (p = 0.00098), presence of at least one comorbidity (p = 0.034), High blood pressure (p = 0.024), d-dimer level ≥ 1000 IU/L (p < 0.001) and CRP level ≥ 12 mg/L (p = 0.014) appeared to be risk factors for death. In multivariate Cox regression, the third wave of the pandemic (HR = 2.25; 95% CI [1.08 - 4.68], p = 0.03) and advanced age (HR = 2.68; 95% CI [1.23 - 5.85], p = 0.013) were risk factors for death. Conclusion: Our study showed that elderly and third-wave of COVID-19 patients were more at risk to die. Knowledge of risk factors for COVID-19 related death could improve the prognosis of these patients.

COVID-19, Waves, Death, Risk Factors, Dakar

Diop, M. , Ba, P. , Cisse, V. , Lakhe, N. , Fall, B. , Lo, M. , Essomba, N. , Wembulua, B. , Wone, F. , Fall, B. , Diallo-Mbaye, K. , Ka, D. , Fortes, L. , Faye, O. , Dia, N. , Wade, K. , Ndiaye, A. , Sall, A. , Seydi, M. and Dieng, M. (2023) Risk Factors for COVID-19 Related Death during the First Three Waves of the Pandemic in an Epidemic Treatment Center at Dakar, Senegal. Advances in Infectious Diseases, 13, 117-131. doi: 10.4236/aid.2023.132013.