Author(s)

Tchoroun Massang Digué^1,2, Domga Tinda², Noumi Guy Bertrand², Madjitoloum Betoloum Salomon¹, Dangwang Jean-Marie Dikdim², Tarkodjiel Mianpereum^1*

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad.
²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

The pollution of sediments by inorganic pollutants requires particularly important attention because of their toxicity, their persistence in the environment and their bioaccumulation by animal and plant life. The pollution of sediments by inorganic pollutants requires particularly important attention because of their toxicity, their persistence in the environment and their bioaccumulation by animal and plant living beings. This study focuses on the pollution of sediments of the Chari and Logon rivers in the city of N’Djamena by heavy metals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of contamination, the geo-accumulation index and the degree of the Pollutant Loading Index of some heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn and Cd) and iron in the sediments of the sampled sites. The average concentrations of heavy metals and iron in the sediments are: Pb (10.00 ± 00 μg/Kg to 126 ± 16.52 μg/Kg); Cr VI (0.13 ± 00 mg/Kg to 0.21 ± 00 mg/Kg); Cd (trace); Cu (0.08 ± 0.02 mg/kg to 3.23 ± 0.64 mg/kg); Fe (0.25 ± 0.00 mg/kg to 5.79 ± 0.00 mg/kg); and Mn (0.2 ± 0.00 mg/Kg to 1.1 ± 0.00 mg/Kg); in order of highest to lowest abundance: Fe > Mn > Cd > Cu > Cr VI > Pb for the Logon; Fe > Cu > Mn > Cd > Cr VI > Pb for the Chari and Fe > Mn > Cu > Cd > Cr VI > Pb for the Confluent. The contamination factors for all heavy metals range from no contamination to low contamination for the sediments analyzed. The geo-accumulation indices indicate that the sampled sites are not polluted. The same is true for Er and RI which confirm an absence of ecological risks in the analyzed sediments.

Heavy Metals, Contamination Factor, Geo-Accumulation Index, Ecological Risk Index, Chari and Logone Rivers in Chad

Digué, T. , Tinda, D. , Bertrand, N. , Salomon, M. , Dikdim, D. and Mianpereum, T. (2023) Contamination and Potential Risks of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Chari and Logon Rivers in N’Djamena, Chad. Open Journal of Soil Science, 13, 29-45. doi: 10.4236/ojss.2023.132002.