Author(s)

Hayder Dibs^1,2, Shattri Mansor², Noordin Ahmad^2,3, Nadhir Al-Ansari^4*

¹Water Resources Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq.
²Faculty of Engineering, Geospatial Information Science Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
³National Space Agency Malaysia (ANGKASA), Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi, Pusat Angkasa Negara, Banting, Malaysia.
⁴Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.

Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) minimizes radiometric differences among images caused by inconsistencies of acquisition conditions rather than changes in surface. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) has the ability to automatically extract control points (CPs) and is commonly used for remote sensing images. However, its results are mostly inaccurate and sometimes contain incorrect matching caused by generating a small number of false CP pairs. These CP pairs have high false alarm matching. This paper presents a modified method to improve the performance of SIFT CPs matching by applying sum of absolute difference (SAD) in a different manner for the new optical satellite generation called near-equatorial orbit satellite and multi-sensor images. The proposed method, which has a significantly high rate of correct matches, improves CP matching. The data in this study were obtained from the RazakSAT satellite a new near equatorial satellite system. The proposed method involves six steps: 1) data reduction, 2) applying the SIFT to automatically extract CPs, 3) refining CPs matching by using SAD algorithm with empirical threshold, and 4) calculation of true CPs intensity values over all image’ bands, 5) preforming a linear regression model between the intensity values of CPs locate in reverence and sensed image’ bands, 6) Relative radiometric normalization conducting using regression transformation functions. Different thresholds have experimentally tested and used in conducting this study (50 and 70), by followed the proposed method, and it removed the false extracted SIFT CPs to be from 775, 1125, 883, 804, 883 and 681 false pairs to 342, 424, 547, 706, 547, and 469 corrected and matched pairs, respectively.

Relative Radiometric Normalization, Scale Invariant Feature Transform, Automatically Extraction Control Points, Sum of Absolute Difference

Dibs, H. , Mansor, S. , Ahmad, N. and Al-Ansari, N. (2023) Robust Radiometric Normalization of the Near Equatorial Satellite Images Using Feature Extraction and Remote Sensing Analysis. Engineering, 15, 75-89. doi: 10.4236/eng.2023.152007.