Author(s)

Florent Ymele Fouelifack^1,2,3*, Jufo Donkeng⁴, William Takang^5,6, Edmond Mesumbe⁴, Loic Dongmo Fouelifa^7,8, Mosman Anyimbi Ofeh¹, Jackson Ndenkeh⁹, Jeanne Hortence Fouedjio^2,4

¹Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
²Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
³Research Education and Health Associative Group, Dschang, Cameroon.
⁴Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
⁵Faculty of Medicine, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon.
⁶Bamenda Regional Hospital, Bamenda, Cameroon.
⁷Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
⁸School of Armies Health Services of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
⁹Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.

Background: The circadian variation of childbirths has been described by several authors around the globe. De Graaf showed that hospital childbirths at night were associated with increased perinatal mortality and adverse perinatal outcome. To improve obstetric care, we carried out this study to evaluate the circadian rhythm of childbirths and to assess the outcome following variations in the time of childbirths during the day. Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study at the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH), over a two years period. We collected data from files of women who delivered from the 1st of January 2017 to 31st December 2018. We included files of women who delivered at least at 28 weeks of pregnancy. We excluded files of those who delivered by elective caesarean section, those whose hour of delivery was not noted and those who delivered before reaching the hospital. Sociodemographic, obstetrical characteristics, and immediate prognosis were recorded. Data were entered into excel, then analysed with SPSS v23 software. Tools used to appreciate our results were means, median, number, percentage, P, and OR with its 95% confidence interval. The difference in p is significant if p is less than 5%. Results: We analyzed 6041 files bearing the time of birth. Childbirths took place at all hours of the day, but the times of the day where the highest numbers of births were recorded were 10, 11, 12, 13 (that’s 1pm), 14 (that’s 2 pm), 15 (that’s 3 pm), 16 (that’s 4 pm), 17 (that’s 5 pm) and 23 (that’s 11 pm) hours, with respectively 224 (3.7%), 277 (4.6%), 256 (4.2%), 265 (4.4%), 207 (3.4%), 255 (4.2%), 228 (3.8%), 216 (3.6%) and 226 (3.7%) births. The peak of births was at 11 am while the time of day where the lowest number of births was recorded was 6 pm, with 175 (2.9%) births. The mean age of participants was 27.34 ± 6.03 years with extremes of 13 and 49, with 87.6% between 20 to 39 years. Sociodemographic characteristics of participants, prematurity and bleeding during delivery, had no dependence on the time of delivery. Perineal tear, duration of observation, Apgar score of the newborn, birthweight, delivery mode, health personnel who performed the delivery, and episiotomyseemed to be influenced by the time of delivery. Daily shifts were not independently associated with the poor Apgar score (0 - 6) at 5 mins, when adjusted for all other factors (p = 0.109). Conclusion: Childbirths were more frequent between 10 am and 5 pm. The period where episiotomy was most performed is the same as when there was macrosomia childbirth. Tears of the perineum are more frequent between 2 pm and 10 pm. There was no independent association between Daily shifts and poor Apgar score. The poor APGAR score would be more related to low birth weight.

Circadian Rhythm, Childbirth, Maternal, Neonatal, Prognosis

Fouelifack, F. , Donkeng, J. , Takang, W. , Mesumbe, E. , Fouelifa, L. , Ofeh, M. , Ndenkeh, J. and Fouedjio, J. (2023) Circadian Rhythm of Childbirths and Maternal and Neonatal Prognosis at the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Advances in Reproductive Sciences, 11, 11-22. doi: 10.4236/arsci.2023.111002.