Author(s)

Sherif M. Ragab^1,2*, Losenge Turoop^1,3, Steven Runo^1,4, Steven Nyanjom^1,5

¹Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute of Science Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya.
²Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
³Department of Horticulture and Food Security, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁴Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁵Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.

Salinity stress limits crop growth and productivity, including legumes in various regions worldwide. The impact of foliar-applied zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) and combined zinc nano-loaded with moringa extracts (ZnONPs) on salt tolerance in faba beans (cultivar, Giza-716) grown under saline soil (50 and 100 mM NaCl) was investigated. Moringa oleifera extract has been used as a chelating agent to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. The crystalline structure, morphology, and chemical composition of ZnO nanoparticles were studied using various characterization techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphological, chemical, and biochemical parameters of plants at 60 and 90 days after sowing were assessed. Salinity stress caused a remarkable reduction in growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and proline levels of the faba bean. Foliar spray with ZnNPs and ZnONPs on faba bean grown under saline soils promoted plant growth parameters (i.e., shoot length, numbers of leaves, relative water content, shoot and roots fresh and dry weights), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), proline and mineral elements (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Zn²⁺) compared to control. However, at 100 mM NaCl, there were no significant variations in the mentioned parameters. This study suggested that there is potential for foliar spraying with ZnNPs and ZnONPs in improving growth parameters, photosynthesis efficiency and biochemical aspects of faba bean plants under saline conditions.

Faba Bean, Green Synthesis, ZnO Nanoparticles, Salinity Stress, Proline

Ragab, S. , Turoop, L. , Runo, S. and Nyanjom, S. (2022) Nanoparticle Treatments Based on Zinc Oxide and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts Alleviate Salinity Stress in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 11, 42-65. doi: 10.4236/jacen.2022.111004.