On Thunderstorm Microphysics under Urban Heat Island, Sea Breeze, and Cold Front Effects in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil ()
ABSTRACT
This work discusses issues related to the impact of urbanization on the
microphysical processes of precipitating systems associated with synoptic,
mesoscale, and local scale systems. Among the issues addressed is the impact of
urban heat island (UHI) in São Paulo city center and urban
densification (UD) in the Metropolitan
Area of São Paulo (MASP) on the microphysical, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties and distribution of
precipitation and heavier rainfall from sea-breeze (SB) e cold-front (CF)
combined during their space-time evolutions. For this purpose, it used four
components: classification of hydrometeors with fuzzy logic, calculation of the
raindrop diameters, an estimate of liquid water mass and ice mass from
polarimetric-variables measured with dual-pola- rization X-band meteorological
radar. The results indicated that urban densification (UD) and heat island
(UHI) of the São Paulo city center impact the formation of precipitation,
liquid water mass, and ice mass, depth, and duration of a thunderstorm. It was also observed the
asymmetric configuration of the thunderstorm
is induced by the strong convergence in the São Paulo city center, and this
strong convergence is induced by the intense heat island (UHI) in the São Paulo
city center. Was also observed that this event that is formed in the
Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) depends on microphysical processes of
mixed-phase of the cloud (water and ice) above the 0°C isotherm for the
production of intense rain and cold pool at the surface. These important
microphysical processes within long-lasting secondary convective cells over the
São Paulo city center should be taken into account on convective
parameterization schemes as well as the associated cold pool dynamics.
Share and Cite:
Ihadua, I. and Filho, A. (2021) On Thunderstorm Microphysics under Urban Heat Island, Sea Breeze, and Cold Front Effects in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil.
Atmospheric and Climate Sciences,
11, 614-643. doi:
10.4236/acs.2021.113037.