Author(s)

Robert M. L. Baker¹, Bonnie Sue Baker², Fangyu Li³

¹Gravwave LLC, Playa del Rey, USA.
²Transportation Sciences Corporation, Gravitational-Wave Department, Playa del Rey, USA.
³Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.

Steadily increasing time is involved in most scientific analyses. Like other dimensions in spacetime we suggest that there can be a variation rate of time’s progress or speed of time in the time dimension. We study speed-of-time variation observational data in three processes: muon decay, galaxy rotation (related to dark matter) and the separation speed of celestial objects as our Universe progresses (related to dark energy). Each of these processes will have an “observed value” of their time of completion P_o from an observation of the process at time t₁ and an “expected value” P_e of that time at time t₂. Their difference is attributed to the variation of the speed of time. We provide a possible explanation for the anomalous separation of the observed and the expected galactic velocity curves. Our conclusion is that it is unnecessary to introduce dark matter or dark energy.

Early Universe, High-Frequency Gravitational Waves, High-Frequency Relic Gravitational Waves, Primordial Gravitational Waves, Cosmology, Speed of Time, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Galactic Velocity Curves

Baker, R. , Baker, B. and Li, F. (2021) Detection and Determination of the Variation of the Speed of Time. Journal of Modern Physics, 12, 761-780. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2021.126049.