Author(s)

Annie Prudence Bisso Ngono^1,2, Prisca Angandji Tipane^1,3, Sylvain Raoul Simeni Njonnou^4,5*, Aimée Tiodoung Timnou⁶, Anne Juliette Flora Sango^2,7, Paul Ndom^6,8,9, Claude Tayou Tagny^1,10, Dora Mbanya^1,10,11

¹Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
²Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
³Yaoundé Jamot’s Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
⁴Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
⁵Dschang District Hospital, Dschang, Cameroon.
⁶Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
⁷Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
⁸Yaoundé General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
⁹Solidarité Chimiothérapie (SOCHIMIO), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
¹⁰Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
¹¹National Center for Blood Transfusion, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Background: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative blood neoplasia, characterized by the presence of a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 leading to the formation of the Philadelphia chromosome. Data on the biological profile of patients with CML at diagnosis are still lacking in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2001 to July 2016 among patients recently diagnosed with CML at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, the Yaoundé Central Hospital and the Yaoundé General Hospital. Analyzed variables included socio-demographic, clinical presentation, the diagnosis means, biological parameters (hematological and biochemical). Sampling was consecutive. Results: We included 132 (76 males) patients with CML with a median age of 39.2 years at diagnosis. The 31 - 45 years age group was the most represented, with 40.9% of the study population. A risk factor was found in only 5 (3.8%) of patients. Clinical manifestations were recorded in only 27 (20.45%) patients, with fatigue being the commonest (10.6%). Almost all patients (128, 96.9%) have performed the karyotype while 22 (16.7%) have performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 4 (3.0%) the PCR. At diagnosis, 66% of the patients were in the chronic phase (CP), 11.3% in accelerated phase (AP), and 22.7% in blast crisis (BC). All patients presented hyperleukocytosis, with a white blood cell mean of 128,362/mm3. Anemia was common (77.3%), usually moderate (61.4%). Thrombocytopenia was rare (8.3%), as far as basophilia (1.2%). Among those patients, mean values of creatinine, Glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glycemia were normal while activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), plasma uric acid level, gamma glutamic transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and inflammatory parameters (ESR and CRP) were increased. Conclusion: Patients with CML presented at their diagnosis hyperleukocytosis and anemia as hematological clues. Other biological anomalies include increased signs of cellular destruction (plasma uric acid level, LDH), coagulation perturbation and inflammatory syndrome. The chronic phase of the disease was common.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Biological Clues at Diagnosis, Sub-Saharan Africa

Ngono, A. , Tipane, P. , Njonnou, S. , Timnou, A. , Sango, A. , Ndom, P. , Tagny, C. and Mbanya, D. (2020) Hematobiological Profile of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia at the Diagnosis in Yaoundé: A Cross-Sectional Study. Open Journal of Blood Diseases, 10, 110-123. doi: 10.4236/ojbd.2020.104013.