Deception is an important part of human social interaction and is based on trying to manipulate the opinions or beliefs of others. Because of its social relevance, deception has always been the focus of scientific research. With the rapid development of modern neuroimaging methods, researchers have become more and more interested in the neural mechanism of deception. According to different research methods, this paper divides deception into instructed deception and spontaneous deception. From the different types of research paradigms of deception, the cognitive processes involved in deception and the existing research results on the neural mechanism of deception, the future research direction of deception neural mechanism is to be found.