Author(s)

Francis T. Dongmo Temgoua, Liang Wu^*

School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.

Acinetobacter baumannii has greatly increased its degree of resistance to become multidrug resistant (MDR) over the past 30 years and is on the red line of the most widely replicated bacteria according to World Health Organization (WHO). The efflux pumps are the main cause for the increasing antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii originated from nosocomial infection. The progressive resistance of A. baumannii even on the recent drugs (tigecycline and fosfomycin) reduces to very effective antibiotic scale. With attention focused on MDR and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) in A. baumannii multiple works on efflux pumps chemical inhibitor (NMP, PAβN, omeprazole, verapamil, reserpine, CCCP) are still in progress. Certain inhibitors from plants (Biricodar and timcodar, Falvone, Mahonia, Dalea versicolor, Lycopus europaeus, and Rosmarinus officinalis) have the capability to have such compounds according to their very significant synergistic effect with antibiotics. In this review we focused on the growth of antibiotic resistance to explain the mechanism of efflux pumps into these different super families and a comprehensive understanding of the extrusion, regulation and physiology role of drug efflux pumps in the essential development of anti-resistivity drugs. We recapitulated the evolution of the work carried out in these fields during the last years and in the course of elaboration, with the aim of increasing the chances of decreasing bacterial resistivity to antibiotics.

Acinetobacter baumannii, RND Efflux Pumps, Efflux Transporters, Multidrug Resistant (MDR), Efflux Pumps Inhibitors (EPIs)

Temgoua, F. and Wu, L. (2019) Mechanisms Efflux Pumps of Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR): Increasing Resistance to Antibiotics. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 7, 48-70. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2019.71006.