Author(s)

Raquel Goreti Eckert-Dreher^1,2, Daniela Coelho dos Santos¹, André Wust Zibetti³, Karina Bettega Felipe⁴, Danilo Wilhelm-Filho⁵, Rozangela Curi Pedrosa^1*

¹Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry (LABIOEX), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
²Department of Nutrition, University Center of Cascavel (UNIVEL), Cascavel, Brazil.
³Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
⁴Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling (FISICEL), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil.
⁵Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.

Background and Aims: To evaluate the dietary habits of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) and healthy adults living in southern Brazil. Methods: The anthropometric assessment was carried out according to the WHO standard and eating habits were assessed using a questionnaire food frequency. The dietary inflammatory index (eDII) was calculated based on the frequency of consumption of anti- and pro-inflammatory foods. Results: 178 colorectal cancer cases and 178 controls were included, age over 50 years (81.7%). 38.2% of CRC individuals were smokers or former smokers and 69.1% were overweight, 15.7% had type II diabetes and 41% had hypertension. The consumption of bread and white rice (OR 1365.8; p < 0.001), meat processed up to twice a week (OR 227.35; p = 0.001) and low fruit intake (OR 40.569; p = 0.039) increased the risk for CRC development. The eDII greater than 0 and 3 increases the risk of CRC for women (OR 55.83; 95% CI 6.53 - 477.16; p < 0.001) and men (OR 66.75; 95% CI 19.05 - 233; p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: In the south of Brazil, the Western diet pattern was related to the diagnosis of CRC, in addition to the male gender, smoking and overweight. In an unprecedented way for the Brazilian population, we associate eDII with the risk of CRC.

Colorectal Cancer, Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Patterns, Smokers, Overweight

Eckert-Dreher, R. , dos Santos, D. , Zibetti, A. , Felipe, K. , Wilhelm-Filho, D. and Pedrosa, R. (2020) Dietary Patterns and Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index in Southern Brazil and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 11, 281-300. doi: 10.4236/fns.2020.114021.