Childhood Tuberculosis: A Descriptive Study in the Pediatric Ward of a University Hospital in Abidjan - Open Journal of Pediatrics

OJPed > Vol.10 No.1, March 2020

Childhood Tuberculosis: A Descriptive Study in the Pediatric Ward of a University Hospital in Abidjan ()

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DOI: 10.4236/ojped.2020.101020 617 Downloads 1,688 Views

Author(s)

G. L. S. Couitchéré^*, S. J. E. Enoh, G. B. Aka, L. Zaho, L. Cissé

Affiliation(s)

Pediatric Department, Treichville University Hospital Center, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of death in the world. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the different locations of tuberculosis and the diagnostic means used in our department. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of children under 15 years of age admitted in 2018 for tuberculosis. The variables under study were socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary data Results: Forty-eight children were enrolled. The median age was 8.2 years (± 4.5) and the M/F ratio was 1.4. TB contamination was found in 20.8% of cases and the index was often a family member (80%). The median diagnostic time was 49 (± 33) days. Six patients had positive HIV serology, 82% had acute malnutrition and lung examination was abnormal in the majority of cases (70.8%). Thorax-ray abnormalities were common (81%) and tuberculin skin testing was positive in 70.6% of cases. The diagnosis was confirmed in 29.2% of the children and the confirmatory examinations were direct examination (9 cases), lymph node biopsy (4 cases) and rapid test (Expert MTB/RIF) (one case). In 70.8% of cases, this was a diagnostic presumption. Pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 72.9% of which 39.6% multifocal forms and extra-thoracic form 27.1%. Thirty-nine patients had received standard TB treatment and death occurred in 22.9% of cases. Conclusion: Children are a high-risk population for TB, especially in cases of family infection. Contacts screening through a systematic approach to diagnosis will reduce deaths. Diagnostic difficulties can be partly overcome by improving the accessibility of rapid testing.

KEYWORDS

Tuberculosis, Child, Diagnosis

Share and Cite:

Couitchéré, G. , Enoh, S. , Aka, G. , Zaho, L. and Cissé, L. (2020) Childhood Tuberculosis: A Descriptive Study in the Pediatric Ward of a University Hospital in Abidjan. Open Journal of Pediatrics, 10, 206-216. doi: 10.4236/ojped.2020.101020.

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