General Marxism by Production Dimension Model, Production Evolution, and Individualism-Collectivism Duality ()
ABSTRACT
In this
paper, classical Marxism as special Marxism for the mid-nineteenth century is
broadened and updated into general Marxism for the twenty-first century.
General Marxism includes the 5W1H production analysis for all aspects of
production and the individualism-collectivism duality for the individualistic
Western civilization originated from the Middle East and Greece and the
collectivistic Eastern civilization originated from India and China. The 5W1H
production analysis consists of when (stages) to produce for the production
evolution and what (types), how much (energies), why (purposes), who (people),
and where (places) to produce for the production dimension model based on the
Hofstede cultural dimension model. In the statistical analysis, the indexes in
the production dimension model derived from the indexes in the Hofstede model
correlate well with the observed Democracy Index (R2 = 0.4) and the GDP Growth
Rate (R2 = 0.8). The production evolution has the interdependent individualism-collectivism
at the beginning (hunter-gatherer) and the end (eusocial democracy) and the
split individualism-collectivism in between (pastoral-agrarian and West-East).
The first five stages of the production evolution match the five modes in
special Marxism. In the twentieth century, class conflict in the mid-nineteenth
century (Marx’s time) turned into class mobility in the true democratic
governments (individualistic individual liberal democracy for individual
liberty in the West and collectivistic common professional democracy for common
wellbeing in the East) working for all people. In the twenty-first century,
through increasing globalization in trade and investment, the individualistic
West depends on the collectivistic East for consolidative production type from
low-profit development, supply chain, economy of scale, and ration, while the
East depends on the West for adventurous production type from high-profit invention,
productivity, efficiency, and marketing. The result is the interdependent
individualism-collectivism to bring about eusocial democracy based on interdependent
division of labor between individual liberal democracy and common professional
democracy in the stable interconnected world.