Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure in Soybean Roots: Comparison between Kanagawa and Hokkaido, Japan

Katsunori Isobe, Kohei Maruyama, Singo Nagai, Masao Higo, Tomiya Maekawa, Gaku Mizonobe, Rhae A. Drijber, Ryuichi Ishii

.

DOI: 10.4236/aim.2011.11003                

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community structure in colonized roots of soybean cultivated from Kanagawa and Hokkaido in Japan and to relate the community structure to environmental conditions, which included soil type, preceding crops, and soil chemical properties. The average number of AMF OTU (operational taxonomic unit) colonizing soybean roots collected from Kanagawa and Hokkaido was 11.2 and 5.8, respectively, a significant difference. Moreover, AMF from the family Gigasporasera was not identified in soybean roots collected from Hokkaido, suggesting that AMF in the family Gigasporasea is absent or rare in the soybean fields of sampled in Hokkaido. We postulate that the soil type, preceding crops or soil chemical properties are not the underlying factor differentiating AMF community structure colonizing in soybean roots between Kanagawa and Hokkaido. Instead we conclude that temperature and phosphate absorption coefficient are the determining factors of AMF OTU in this study.

Keywords

AM Fungi, Colonization, Community Structure, Soybean

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	A. Mohammad, B. Mitra and A. G. Khan, “Effects of Sheared-Root Inoculum of Glomus intraradices on Wheat Grown at Different Phosphorus Levels in the Field,” Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 103, No. 1, 2004, pp. 245-249. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2003.09.017
[2]	Y. Lekberg and R. T. Koide, “Arbusclar Mycorrhial Fungi, Rhizobia, Available Soil P and Nodulation of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Zimbabwe,” Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 110, No. 3-4, 2005, pp. 143-148. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2005.03.011
[3]	G. S. Smith and R. W. Roncadori, “Response of Three Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at Four Soil Temperatures and Their Effects on Cotton Growth,” New Phytologist, Vol. 104, No. 1, 1986, pp. 89-95. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00636.x
[4]	K. Isobe, H. Sugimura, T. Maeshima and R. Ishii, “Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Upland Field Soil of Japan 2. Spore Density of Arbusclar Mycorrhizal Fungi and Infection Ratio Soybean and Maize Fields,” Plant Production Science, Vol. 11, No. 2, 2008, pp. 171-177. doi:10.1626/pps.11.171
[5]	K. Isobe, E. Aizawa, Y. Iguchi and R. Ishii, “Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Upland Field Soil of Japan 1. Relationship between Spore Density and the Soil Environment Factor,” Plant Production Science, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2007, pp. 122-128. doi:10.1626/pps.10.122
[6]	I. M. van Aarle, P. A. Olsson and B. Soderstrom, “Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Respond to the Substrate pH of Their Extraradical Mycelium by Altered Growth and Root Colonization,” New Phytologist, Vol. 155, No. 1, 2002, pp. 173-182. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00439.x
[7]	C. Walker and J. M. Trappe, “Names and Epithets in the Glomales and Endogonales,” Mycological Research, Vol. 97, No. 3, 1993, pp. 339-344. doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81132-5
[8]	J. C. Dodd, C. L. Boddington, A. Rodriguez, C. Gonzalez-Chavez and I. Mansur, “Mycelium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) from Different Genera: Form, Function and Detection,” Plant and Soil, Vol. 226, No. 2, 2000, pp. 131-151. doi:10.1023/A:1026574828169
[9]	A. H. Eom, D. C. Hartnett and G. W. H. Wilson, “Host Plant Species Effects on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Tallgrass Prairie,” Oecologia, Vol. 122, No. 3, 2000, pp. 435-444. doi:10.1007/s004420050050
[10]	K. Saito, Y. Suyama, S. Sato and K. Sugawara, “Defoliation Effects on the Community Structure of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Based on 18S rDNA Sequences,” Mycorrhiza, Vol. 14, No. 6, 2004, pp. 363-373. doi:10.1007/s00572-003-0286-x
[11]	D. C. Hartnett and G. W. T. Wilson, “Mycorrhizae Influence Plant Community Structure and Diversity in Tallgrass Prairie,” Ecology, Vol. 80, No. 4, 1999, pp. 1187- 1195. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1187:MIPCSA]2.0.CO;2
[12]	R. Husband, E. A. Herre, S. L. Turner, R. Gallery and P. W. Young, “Molecular Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Patterns of Host Association over Time and Space in a Tropical Forest,” Molecular Ecology, Vol. 11, 2002, pp. 2669-2678.
[13]	M. van der Heijden, J. N. Klironomos, M. Ursic, P. Moutoglis, E. R. Streitwolf, T. Boller, A. Weimken and I. R. Sanders, “Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity Determines Plant Biodiversity, Ecosystem Variability and Productivity,” Nature, Vol. 396, 1998, pp. 69-72. doi:10.1038/23932
[14]	N. N. Bhadalung, A. Suwanarit, B. Dell, O. Nopamornbodi, A. Thamchaipenet and J. Rungchuang, “Effects of Long-Term NP-Fertilization on Abundance and Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under a Maize Cropping System,” Plant and Soil, Vol. 270, No. 1, 2005, pp. 371-382. doi:10.1007/s11104-004-1829-4
[15]	E. Sieverding, “Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Management in Tropical Agrosystems,” Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbei (GTZ) GmbH, Eschboran, 1991, p. 371.
[16]	J. P. Clapp, T. Helgason, T. J. Daniell and J. P. W. Young, “Genetic Studies of the Structure and Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities,” In: M. G. A. van der Heijden and I. R. Sanders, Eds., Mycorrhizal Ecology, Springer, Heidelberg, 2002, pp. 201-224.
[17]	I. Sanders, J. P. Clapp and A. Wiemken, “The Genetic Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Natural Ecosystems—A Key to Understanding the Ecology and Functioning of the Mycorrhizal Symbiosis,” New Phytologist, Vol. 133, No. 1, 1996, pp. 123-134. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04348.x
[18]	N. Alkan, V. Gadkar, O. Yarden and Y. Kapulnik, “Analysis of Quantitative Interactions between Two Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices, by Real Time PCR,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 72, No. 6, 2006, pp. 4192- 4199. doi:10.1128/AEM.02889-05
[19]	Z. Liang, R. A. Drijber, D. J. Lee, I. M. Dwiekat, S. D. Harris and D. A. Wedin, “A DGGE-Cloning Method to Characterize Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community Structure in Soil,” Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Vol. 40, No. 4, 2008, pp. 956-966. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.11.016
[20]	A. Porras-Alfaro, H. Herrera, D. O. Natvig and R. L. Sinsabaugh, “Effect of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with a Dominant Grass in a Semiarid Grassland,” Plant and Soil, Vol. 296, No. 1-2, 2007, pp. 65-75. doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9290-9
[21]	C. Renker, V. Blanke and F. Buscot, “Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Grassland Spontaneously Developed on Area Polluted by a Fertilizer Plant,” Environmental Pollution, Vol. 135, No. 2, 2005, pp. 255-266. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.11.002
[22]	J. C. Santos, R. D. Finlay and A. Tehler, “Molecular Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonizing a Seminatural Grassland along a Fertilization Gradient,” New Phytologist, Vol. 172, No. 1, 2006, pp. 159-168. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01799.x
[23]	J. Panwar and J. C. Tarafdar, “Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Dynamics under Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. in Thar Desert,” Applied Soil Ecology, Vol. 34, No. 2-3, 2006, pp. 200-208. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.02.001
[24]	M. M. Alguacil, E. Lumini, A. Roldan, J. R. Salinas-Garcia, P. Bonfante and V. Bianciotto, “The Impact of Tillage Practices on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Subtropical Crops,” Ecological Applications, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2008, pp. 527-536. doi:10.1890/07-0521.1
[25]	J. Jansa, A. Mozafar, T. Anken, R. Ruh, I. Sanders and E. Frossard, “Diversity and Structure of AMF Communities as Affected by Tillage in a Temperate Soil,” Mycorrhiza, Vol. 12, No. 5, 2002, pp. 225-234. doi:10.1007/s00572-002-0163-z
[26]	T. P. McGonigle and M. H. Miller, “Mycorrhizae, Phosphorus Absorption, and Yield of Maize in Response to Tillage Soil,” Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 60, No. 6, 1996, pp. 1856-1861. doi:10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000060034x
[27]	M. Giovannetti and B. Mosse, “An Evaluation of Techniques for Measuring Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Infection in Roots,” New Phytologist, Vol. 84, No. 3, 1980, pp. 679-684. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.x
[28]	A. Gollotte, D. van Tuinen and D. Atkinson, “Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonising Roots of the Grass Species Agrostis capillaris and Lolium perenne in Field Experiment,” Mycorrhiza, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2004, pp. 111-117. doi:10.1007/s00572-003-0244-7
[29]	S. Trouvelot, D. van Tuinen, M. Hijri and V. Gianinazzi-Pearson, “Visualization of Ribosomal DNA Loci in Spore Interphasic Nuclei of Glomalean Fungi by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization,” Mycorrhiza, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1999, pp. 203-206. doi:10.1007/s005720050235
[30]	B. Y. Wu, T. Hogetsu, K. Isobe and R. Ishii, “Community Structure of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Primary Successional Volcanic Desert on the Southeast Slope of Mount Fuji,” Mycorrhiza, Vol. 17, No. 6, 2007, pp. 495-506. doi:10.1007/s00572-007-0114-9
[31]	D. L. Mummey and M. C. Rillig, “Evaluation of LSU rRNA-Gene PCR Primers for Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities via Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis,” Journal of Microbiological Methods, Vol. 70, No. 1, 2007, pp. 200-204. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2007.04.002
[32]	K. Tamura, J. Dudley, N. Nei and S. Kumar, “MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0,” Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol. 24, No. 8, 2007, pp. 1596-1599. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm092
[33]	M. Franke-Snyder, D. D. Douds, L. Galvez, J. G. Phillips, P. Wagoner, L. Drinkwater and J. B. Morton, “Diversity of Communities of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi Present in Conventional versus Low-Input Agricultural Sites in Eastern Pennsylvania, USA,” Applied Soil Ecology, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2001, pp. 35-48. doi:10.1016/S0929-1393(00)00100-1
[34]	T. Helgason, T. J. Daniell, R. Husband, A. H. Fitter and J. P. W. Young, “Ploughing Up the Wood-Wide Web?” Nature, Vol. 394, 1998, p. 431. doi:10.1038/28764
[35]	J. Jansa, A. Mozafar, G. Kuhn, T. Anken, R. Ruh, I. R. Sanders and E. Frossard, “Soil Tillage Affects the Community Structure of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Maize Roots,” Ecological Applications, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2003, pp. 1164- 1176. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2003)13[1164:STATCS]2.0.CO;2
[36]	F. Oehl, E. Sieverding, K. Ineichen, P. Mader, T. Boller and A. Wiemken, “Impact of Land Use Intensity on the Species Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agroecosystems of Central Europe,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 69, No. 5, 2003, pp. 2816- 2824.
[37]	L. Ho, “Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae of Halophytic Grasses in the Alvard Desert of Oregon,” Northwest Science, Vol. 61, No. 3, 1987, pp. 148-151.
[38]	J. C. Tarafdar and P. Kumar, “The Role of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Crop, Tree and Grasses Grown in an Arid Environment,” Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 34, No. 2, 1996, pp. 97-203. doi:10.1006/jare.1996.0101
[39]	A. Al-Raddad, “Distribution of Different Glomus Species in Rain Fed Areas in Jordan,” Dirasat, Vol. 20, 1993, pp. 165-182.
[40]	N. Mathimaran, R. Ruh, P. Vullioud, E. Frossard and J. Jansaet, “Glomus intraradices Dominates Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Communities in a Heavy Textured Agricultural Soil,” Mycorrhiza, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2005, pp. 61-66. doi:10.1007/s00572-005-0014-9
[41]	Y. Lekberg, R. T. Koide, J. R. Rohr, L. Aldrich-Wolfe and J. B. Morton, ”Role of Niche Restrictions and Dispersal in the Composition of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities,” Journal of Ecology, Vol. 95, No. 1, 2007, pp. 95-105. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01193.x
[42]	N. C. Schenck and G. S. Smith, “Responses of Six Species of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Effects on Soybean at Four Soil Temperatures,” New Phytologist, Vol. 92, No. 2, 1982, pp. 193-201. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1982.tb03376.x
[43]	V. Chifflot, D. Rivest, A. Olivier, A. Cogliastro and D. Khasa, “Molecular Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community Structure and Spores Distribution in Tree-Based Intercropping and Forest Systems,” Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 131, No. 1-2, 2009, pp. 32-39. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.11.010