Home > Journal > Social Sciences & Humanities > APE

APE> Vol.1 No.1, August 2011

The Effects of Pre-Exercise High Energy Drink on Exercise Performance in Physically Active Men and Women

PDF (Size:55KB) PP. 1-5 DOI: 10.4236/ape.2011.11001

Author(s)

Marko D. Stojanovic, Mirjana V. Stojanovic, Kristina Kanostrevac, Dragoljub Veljovic, Bojan Medjedovic, Sergej M. Ostojic

ABSTRACT

The effect of a pre-exercise energy sport drink on the exercise performance was examined in twenty recreationally active subjects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled research study design was conducted. Subjects underwent two testing session separated by 7 days, consisted of handgrip strength test, countermovement (CMJ) and vertical jump (VJ) as well as incremental test to exhaustion on motorized treadmill. Before the second trial, they were randomly provided either a placebo (PLA;maltodextrin) or the supplement (NP; commercially marketed as Ultimate Nox PumpTM,). Analysis of variance revealed no differences between supplement and placebo group in strength, CMJ, VJ and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (p > 0.05). Significant difference between groups over time was observed in maximal heart rate, heart rate recovery and time to exhaustion (p < 0.05). The present study indicate that a high energy drink consumed 40 minutes before exercise can enhance exercise performance by increasing the total time to fatigue during incremental testing.

KEYWORDS

Caffeine, Endurance, Heart Rate, Ergogenic Aid

Cite this paper

Stojanovic, M. , Stojanovic, M. , Kanostrevac, K. , Veljovic, D. , Medjedovic, B. & Ostojic, S. (2011). The Effects of Pre-Exercise High Energy Drink on Exercise Performance in Physically Active Men and Women. Advances in Physical Education, 1, 1-5. doi: 10.4236/ape.2011.11001.

References

[1]	Alford, C., Cox, H., & Wescott, R. (2001). The effects of red bull energy on human performance and mood. Amino Acids, 21, 139-150.

[2]	Astorino, T. A., Rohmann, R. L., & Firth, K. (2007). The effect of caffeine ingestion on one repetition maximum muscular strength. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 102, 127-132.

[3]	Bemben, M. G., & Lamont, H. S. (2005). Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: Recent findings. Sports Medicine, 35, 107-125.

[4]	Byars, A., Keith, S., Simpson, W., Mooneyhan, A., & Greenwood, M. (2010). The influence of a pre-exercise sports drink (PRX) on factors related to maximal aerobic performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 11, 7-12.

[5]	Candow, D. G., Kleisinger, A. K., Grenier, S., & Dorsch K. D. (2009). Effect of sugar-free Red Bull energy drink on high-intensity run time to-exhaustion in young adults. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23, 1271-1275.

[6]	Coombes, J. S., & Hamilton, K. L. (2000). The effectiveness of commercially available sports drinks. Sports Medicine, 29, 181-209.

[7]	Cox, G. R., Desbrow, B., Montgomery, P. G., Anderson, M. E., Bruce, C. R., Theodore, A. M., Martin, D. T., Moquin, A., Roberts, A., Hawkley, J. A., & Burke, L. M. (2002). Effect of different protocols of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93, 990-999.

[8]	Davis, J. M., Zhao, Z., Stock, H. S., Mehl, K. A., Buggy, J., & Hand, G. A. (2003). Central nervous system effects of caffeine and adenosine on fatigue. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 284, R399-R404.

[9]	Demant, T. W., & Rhodes, E. C. (1999). Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance. Sports Medicine, 28, 49-60.

[10]	Dodd, S. L., Brooks, E., Powers, S. K., & Tulley, R. (1991). The effects of caffeine on graded exercise performance in caffeine naive versus habituated subjects. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 62, 424-429.

[11]	Doherty, M., Smith, P. M., Hughes, M., & Davison, R. (2004). Caffeine lowers perceptual response and increases power output during highintensity cycling. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22, 637-643.

[12]	Doherty, M., & Smith, P. M. (2005). Effects of caffeine ingestion on rating of perceived exertion during and after exercise: A meta-analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 15, 69-78.

[13]	Flinn, S., Gregory, J., McNaughton, L. R., Tristram, S., & Davies, P. (1990). Caffeine ingestion prior to incremental cycling to exhaustion in recreational cyclists. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 11, 188-193.

[14]	Forbes, S. C., Candow, D. G., Little, J. P., Magnus, C., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2007). Effect of Red Bull energy drink on repeated Wingate cycle performance and bench press muscular endurance. International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 17, 433-444.

[15]	Graham, T. E. (2001). Caffeine and exercise: Metabolism, endurance and performance. Sports Medicine, 31, 785-807.

[16]	Hespel, P., Op‘t Eijnde, B., & Leemputte, M. V. (2002). Opposite actions of caffeine and creatine on muscle relaxation time in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 92, 513-518.

[17]	Hoffman, J. R., Kang, J., Ratamess, N. A., Jennings, P. F., Mangine, G., & Faigenbaum, A. D. (2007). Effect of nutritionally enriched coffee consumption on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21, 456-459.

[18]	Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Ross, R., Shanklin, M., Kang, J., & Faigenbaum, A. D. (2008). Effect of a pre-exercise energy supplement on the acute hormonal response to resistance exercise. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22, 874-882.

[19]	Hoffman, J. R., Kang, J., Ratamess, N. A., Hoffman, M. W., Tranchina, C. P., & Faigenbaum, A. D. (2009). Examination of a pre-exercise, high energy supplement on exercise performance. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 6, 2.

[20]	James, R. S., Wilson, R. S., & Askew, G. N. (2004). Effects of caffeine on mouse skeletal muscle power output during recovery from fatigue. Journal of Applied Physiology, 96, 545-552.

[21]	Jeukendrup, A. E., Raben, A., Gijsen, A., Stegen, J. H., Brouns, F., Saris, W. H., & Wagenmakers, A. J. (1999). Glucose kinetics during prolonged exercise in highly trained human subjects: Effect of glucose ingestion. The Journal of Physiology, 515, 579-589.

[22]	Juhn, M. S. (2003). Popular sports supplements and ergogenic aids. Sports Med, 33, 921-939.

[23]	Kalmar, J. M., & Cafarelli, E. (2004). Caffeine: A valuable tool to study central fatigue in humans? Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 32, 143-147.

[24]	Kuipers, H., Fransen, E. J., & Keizer, H. (1999). Pre-exercise ingestion of carbohydrate and transient hypoglycemia during exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20, 227-231.

[25]	Mandel, P., Gupta, R. C., Bourguignon, J. J., Wermuth, C. G., Molina, V., Gobaille, S., Ciesielski, L., & Simler, S. (1985). Effects of taurine and taurine analogues on aggressive behavior. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, 179, 449-458.

[26]	Manore, M. M. (1994). Vitamin B-6 and exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 4, 89-103.

[27]	Meyers, B. M., & Cafarelli, E. (2005). Caffeine increases time to fatigue by maintaining force and not by altering fi ring rates during submaximal isometric contractions. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99, 1056-1063.

[28]	Mohr, T., Van Soeren, M., Graham, T. E., & Kjaer, M. (1998). Caffeine ingestion and metabolic responses of tetraplegic humans during electrical cycling. Journal of Applied Physiology, 85, 979-985.

[29]	Perkins, R., & Williams, M. H. (1975). Effect of caffeine uponmaximal muscular endurance of females. Medicine & Science in Sports & Medicine, 7, 221-224.

[30]	Powers, S. K., Byrd, R. J., Tulley, R., & Callender, T. (1983). Effects of caffeine ingestion on metabolism and performance during graded exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 50, 301-307.

[31]	Report Buyer. (2007). Energy Drinks in the US. New York: packaged Facts. 147.

[32]	Shetler, K., Marcus, R., Froelicher, V. F., Vora, S., Kalisetti, D., Prakash, M., Do, D., & Myers, J. (2001). Heart rate recovery: Validation and methodologic issues. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 38, 1980-1987.

[33]	Slivka, D., Hailes, W., Cuddy, J., & Ruby, B. (2008). Caffeine and carbohydrate supplementation during exercise when in negative energy balance: Effects on performance, metabolism, and salivary cortisol. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 33, 1079-1085.

[34]	Spriet, L. L. (2002). Caffeine. In M. S. Bahrke and C. E. Yesalis (Eds.) Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sport and Exercise (pp. 267-278). New York: Human Kinetics.

[35]	Tarnopolsky, M. A., Gibala, M., Jeukendrup, A. E., & Phillips, S. M. (2005). Nutritional needs of elite endurance athletes. Part II: Dietary protein and the potential role of caffeine and creatine. European Journal of Sport Science, 5, 59-72.

[36]	Walsh, A. L., Gonzalez, A. M., Ratamess, N. A., Kang, J., & Hoffman, J. R. (2010). Improved time to exhaustion following ingestion of the energy drink Amino Impact?. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 7, 14.

[37]	Winget, C. M., Deroshia, C. W., & Holley, D. C. (1985). Circadian rhythms and athletic performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 17, 498-516.

[38]	Wolfe, R. R. (2006). Skeletal muscle protein metabolism and resistance exercise. The Journal of Nutrition, 136, 525S-528S.

[39]	Yawn, B. P., Ammar, K. A., Thomas, R, & Wollan, P. C. (2003). Test-retest reproducibility of heart rate recovery after treadmill exercise. Annals of Family Medicine, 1, 236-241.

[40]	Zhang, M., Izumi, I., Kagamimori, S., Sokejima, S., Yamagami, T., Liu, Z., & Qi, B. (2004). Role of taurine supplementation to prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy young men. Amino Acids, 26, 203-207.

APESubscription

Free Newsletter Subscription

Sponsors, Associates, and Links >>