[1]
|
FAO (2000) Production yearbook. FAO, Rome.
|
[2]
|
FAO (1988) Production yearbook. FAO, Rome.
|
[3]
|
FAO (1991)) Production yearbook. FAO, Rome.
|
[4]
|
MoFA (2010). Agriculture in Ghana facts and figures. Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Accra.
|
[5]
|
O’Hair, S.K. (1984) Farinaceous crops. In: Martin, F.W., Ed., Handbook of Tropical Crops, CRC, Boca Raton, 109-138.
|
[6]
|
Purseglove, J.W. (1979) Tropical Crops: Monocotyledons, 4th Edition, Longmann, London, 58-74.
|
[7]
|
Rubatzky, V.E. and Yamagushi, M. (1997) Edible aroids. In: Rubatzky, V.E. and Yamagushi, M., Eds., World Vegetables. Principles, Production and Nutritive Value, 2nd Edition, Chapman & Hall: International Thomson Publishing, New York, 183-196.
|
[8]
|
Opara, L.U. (2000) Edible ar-oids—Post operation. FAO, Rome.
|
[9]
|
Passam, H.C. (1982) Experiments on the storage of eddoes and tannia (Colocasia and Xanthosoma spp) under tropical ambient conditions. Tropical Science, 24, 39.
|
[10]
|
Goenaga, R., Singh, U., Beinroth, F.H. and Prasad, K. (1991) SUBSTOR—Aroid: A model in the making. Agrotechnology Transfer, 14, 1-4.
|
[11]
|
Tagodoe, A. and Nip, W.K. (1994) Functional properties of raw and pre-cooked taro (Colocasia esculenta) flours. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 29, 457-462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb02087.x
|
[12]
|
Bradbury, J.H. and Holloway, W.D. (1988) Chemistry of tropical root crops: Significance for nutrition and agriculture in the Pacific. Australian Centre for International Research, Canberra.
|
[13]
|
Ghan Jr., H.T., Kao-Jao, T.H.C. and Nakayama, T.O.M. (1977) Anthocyanin composition of taro. Journal of Food Science, 42, 19-21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb01208.x
|
[14]
|
Bradbury, J.H. (1988) Chemical composition of tropical root crops. ASEAN Food Journal, 4, 3-13.
|
[15]
|
Sefa-Dede, S. and Sackey, E.K.-A. (2002) Starch structure and some properties of cocoyam (Xanthosoma saggitifolium and Colocasia esculenta) starch and raphides. Food Chemistry, 79, 435-444.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00194-2
|
[16]
|
Gunaratne, A. and Hoover, R. (2002) Effect of heatmoisture treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of root and tuber starches. Carbohydrate Polymers, 49, 425-437.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00194-2
|
[17]
|
Lawal, O.S. (2004) Composition, physicochemical properties and retrogradation characteristics of native, oxi- dised and aceteylated and acid-thinned new cocoyam starch. Food Chemistry, 87, 205-218.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.11.013
|
[18]
|
Eggleston, G., Omoaka, P.E. and Arowshegbe, A.U. (1993) Flour, starch and alternative (wheatless) bread-making quality of various cassava clones. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 62, 61-66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740620108
|
[19]
|
Whistler, R.L. and BeMiller, J.N. (1997) Carbohydrate chemistry for food scientists. Eagen Press, St Paul, 117-151.
|
[20]
|
Onayemi, O. and Nwigwe, N.C. (1987) The effect of processing on oxalate content of cocoyam. Lebensmittel- Wissenschaft & Technologie, 20, 293-295.
|
[21]
|
Owusu-Darko, P.G. (2008) Tannia (Xanthosoma saggitifolium) starch: Properties and flavour volatiles release. Ph.D. Thesis, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.
|
[22]
|
Lim, S.T., Kasemwuman, T. and Jane, J.L. (1994) Characterization of Phosphorus in starch by 3IP nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. Cereal Chemistry, 71, 468-472.
|
[23]
|
Lauzon, R.D., Shiraish, K., Yamazaki, M., Sawayama, S., Wuguyama, N. and Kawbata, A. (1995) Physicochemical properties of cocoyam starch. Food Hydrocolloids, 9, 77-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(09)80268-3
|
[24]
|
Moorthy, S.N. (1994) Tuber crop starches. Central Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthaapurram.
|
[25]
|
Wang, L. and Wang, Y.-J. (2001) Comparison of protease digestion at neutral pH with alkaline steeping method for rice starch isolation. Cereal Chemistry, 78, 690-692.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.6.690
|
[26]
|
Zobel, H.F. (1988) Molecules to granules: A comprehensive starch review. Starch/Stärke, 40, 44-50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.2001.78.6.690
|
[27]
|
Iwuoha, C.I. and Kalu, F.A. (1995). Calcium oxalate and physico-chemical properties of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta and Xanthosoma sagittifolium) tuber flours as affected by processing. Food Chemistry, 54, 61-66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(95)92663-5
|
[28]
|
Ramsden, L. and Ling, C.Y. (1998) Variability of non starch polysac-charides in taro. Tropical Agriculture, 75, 291-292.
|
[29]
|
Jiang, G.S. and Ramsden, L (1999) Characterization and yield of arabinogalactan-protein in mucilage of taro corms. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 79, 671-674.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199904)79:5<671::AID-JSFA233>3.0.CO;2-H
|
[30]
|
Kay, D.E. (1987) Crop and product digest No. 2 root crops. 2nd Edition, Tropical Development and Research Institute, London, 380.
|
[31]
|
De Castro, L.A.B., Carniero, M., MonteNechish, D.C. and de Paiva, G.R. (1992) Spatial and temporal gene expression patterns occur during corm development. Plant Cell, 4, 1549-1559.
|
[32]
|
MonteNeschich, D.C., Rocha, T.L., Guimaraes, R.C., Santana, E.F., Loureiro, M.E., Valle, M. and de Sa, M.F.G. (1995) Characterization and spatial localization of the major globulin families of taro (Colocasia esculenta L Schott) tuber. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 112, 149-159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(95)04257-1
|
[33]
|
Shewry, P.R. (2003) Tuber storage proteins. Annals of Botany, 91, 755-769.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg084
|
[34]
|
Theeraslip, S., Hitotsuya, H., Nakajo, S., Nakaya, K., Nakamura, Y. and Kurlhara, Y. (1989) Complete amino acid sequence and structural characterization of the taste- modifying protein, miraculin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 264, 6655-6659.
|
[35]
|
Guimaraes, R.I., Marcellino, L.H., Grossi de Sá, M.F. and de Castro Monte, D. (2001) A storage protein gene from taro shows tuber specific gene expressions in transgenic potato. Physiologia Plantarum, 111, 182-187.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1110208.x
|
[36]
|
Majumder, P., Mondal, H.A. and Das, S. (2005) Insecticidal activity of Arum maculatum tuber lectin and its binding to the glyco-sylated insect gut receptors. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 6725-6729.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf051155z
|
[37]
|
Bezerra, I.C., de Castro, L.A.B., Neschich, G., de Almeida, E.R.P., Grossi de Sa, M.F., Mello, L.V. and Monte-Ne-schich, D.C. (1995) A corm specific gene encodes tarin, a major globular protein of taro (Colocasia esculenta, L Schott). Plant Molecular Biology, 28, 137-144.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042045
|
[38]
|
Kiran, K.S. and Padmaja, G. (2003) Inactivation of trypsin inhibitors in sweet potato and taro tubers during processing. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 58, 153-163.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024476513899
|
[39]
|
Van Damme, E.J., Goosens, K., Torrekens, S., VanLeuven, F., Verhaert, P. and Peumans, W.J. (1995) The major tuber storage protein of Araceae species is a lectin (Characterization and molecular cloning of the lectin from Arum maculatum L.). Plant Physiology, 107, 1147-1158.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.4.1147
|
[40]
|
Yamashita, H., Theeraslip, S., Aluchy, T., Nakaya, K., Nakamura, N. and Kurlhara, Y. (1990) Purification and complete amino acid sequence of a new type of sweet protein with taste-modifying activity, curculin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265, 15770-15775.
|
[41]
|
Duangmal, K. and Appenteng, R.K.O. (1999) A comparative study of polyphenol oxidase from taro (Colocasia esculenta) and potato (Solanum tuberosum var. Romano). Food Chemistry, 64, 351-359.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00127-7
|
[42]
|
Gohl, B. (1981) Tropical feeds. FAO, UN, Rome.
|
[43]
|
Bradbury, J.H. and Nixon, R.W. (1998) The acridity of raphides from edible corms. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 76, 608-616.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199804)76:4<608::AID-JSFA996>3.0.CO;2-2
|
[44]
|
Hussain, M., Norton, G. and Neale, R.J. (1984) Composition and nutritive value of cormels of Colocasia esculenta (L) schott. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 35, 1112-1119.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740351010
|
[45]
|
Paull, R.E., Tang, C.S., Gross, K. and Uruu, G. (1999) The nature of taro acridity factor. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 16, 71-78.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(98)00099-4
|
[46]
|
Sakai, W.S., Hanson, M. and Jones, R.C. (1972) Raphides with boards and groves in Xanthosoma saggitifolium (Araceae). Science, 178, 314-315.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.178.4058.314
|
[47]
|
Sakai, W.S. (1979) Aroid crops: Acridity and raphides. In: Inglett, G.E. and Charalambus, G., Eds., Tropical Foods: Chemistry and Nutrition, Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York, 265-276.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-370901-1.50021-0
|
[48]
|
Holloway, W.D., Argall, M.E., Jealous, W.T., Lee, J.A. and Bradbury, J.H. (1989) Organic acids and calcium oxalates in tropical root crops. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 37, 337-341.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a014
|
[49]
|
Sunell, L.A. and Healy, P.L. (1979) Distribution of calcium oxalate idioblasts in corms of taro (Colocasia esculenta). American Journal of Botany, 66, 1029-1032.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2442567
|
[50]
|
Fertuga, B.L. and Oluyemi, J.A. (1976) The metabolizable energy of some tropical tuber meals for chicks. Poultry Science, 55, 868-873.
|
[51]
|
Gerpacio, A.L., Roxas, D.B., Uichanco, N.M., Roxas, N.P., Custudio, C.C., Mercado, C., Gloria, L.A. and Castillo, L.S. (1975) Tuber meals as carbohydrate sources in broiler rations. Proceedings of Conference Animal Feeds of Tropical and Subtropical Origin, Tropical Products Institute, London, 151-154.
|
[52]
|
Moy, J.H., Shabolt, B., Stoewsand, G.S. and Nakayama, T.O.M. (1979) Processing of taro products. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 3, 139-144.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1979.tb00577.x
|
[53]
|
Ravindarn, V., Sivakanesan, R. and Cyril, H.W. (1996) Nutritive value of raw and processed colocasia (Colocasia esculenta) corm meal for poultry. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57, 335-345.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00861-6
|
[54]
|
Samarasinghe, K. and Rajaguru, A.S.B. (1992) Raw and processed wild colocasia corm meal (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var esculenta) as an energy source for broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 36, 143-151.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(92)90093-L
|
[55]
|
Tang, C.S. and Sakai, W.S. (1983) Acridity of taro and related plants. In: Wang, J.K., Ed., Taro, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 148-163.
|
[56]
|
Liener, I.E. and Kakade, M.L. (1980) Protease inhibitors. In: Liener, I.E., Ed., Toxic Constituents in Plant Feedstuff, Academic Press, New York, 7-71.
|
[57]
|
Sumathi, S. and Pattabiraman, T.N. (1979) Natural plant enzyme inhibitors. Studies on trypsin inhibitors of Colocasia antiquorum tubers. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 566, 115-127.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2744(79)90254-7
|
[58]
|
Krishnasharma, K. and Pattabiraman, T.N. (1980) Natural plant enzyme inhibitors. Isolation and characterization of two amylase inhibitors from Colocasia antiquorum tubers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 31, 981-991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740311003
|
[59]
|
Watt, J.M. and Byer-Brandwijk, M.G. (1962) The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa. Livingstone, Edinburgh.
|
[60]
|
Philipy, B.Q., Bland, J.M. and Evens, T.J. (2003) Ion chromatography of phytate in roots and tubers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 350-353.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf025827m
|
[61]
|
Bradbury, J.H., Eghan, S.V. and Matthews, P.J. (1995) Cyanide content of the leaves and stems of edible aroids. Phytochemical Analysis, 6, 268-271.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2800060510
|
[62]
|
Njintang, Y.N. and Mbofung, C.M.F. (2003) Development of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) as an ingredient for food processing: Effect of gelatinisation and drying temperature on the dehydration kinetics and colour of flour. Journal of Food Engineering, 58, 259-265.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00384-9
|
[63]
|
Hong, G.P. and Nip, W.K. (1990) Functional properties of precooked taro flour in sorbets. Food Chemistry, 36, 261-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(90)90065-C
|
[64]
|
Rekha, M.R. and Padmaja, G. (2002) Alpha-amylase inhibitor changes during processing of sweet potato and taro tubers. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 57, 285-294.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021837115267
|
[65]
|
Prathibha, S., Nambisan, B. and Leelamma, S. (1998) Effect of processing on amylase and protease inhibitor in tropical tubers. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 22, 359-370.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1998.tb00356.x
|
[66]
|
Le Quach, M., Melton, L.D., Harris, P.J., Burdon, J.N. and Smith, B.G. (2001) Cell wall compositions of raw and cooked corms of taro (Colocasia esculenta). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81, 311-318.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(200102)81:3<311::AID-JSFA816>3.0.CO;2-B
|
[67]
|
Arnaud-Vinas, M.D.R. and Lorenz, K. (1999) Pasta products containing taro (Colocasia esculenta, L Schott) and chaya (Cnidoscuolus chavamansa L. Mcvaugh. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 23, 1-20.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1999.tb00366.x
|
[68]
|
Ihekoronye, A.I. and Ngoddy, P.O. (1985) Cocoyams. In: Integrated Food Science and Technology for the Tropics, Macmillan, London, 280-281.
|
[69]
|
Obiechina, O.C. and Ajala, A.A. (1987) Socioeconomic and cultural importance of cocoyam as staple food. Proceedings of First National Workshop on Cocoyam, NRCRI, Umudike, 180-184.
|
[70]
|
Onwueme, I.C. (1978) Colocasia and xanthosoma. In Tropical Tuber Crops, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 199-227.
|
[71]
|
Subhadhirasakul, S., Yuenyoungsawwad, S., Ketjinda, W., Phadoongsombut, N. and Faroong-Sarng, D. (2001) Study on tablet binding and disintegration properties of alternate starches prepared from taro and sweet potato tubers. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 27, 81-87.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DDC-100000131
|
[72]
|
Onwulata, C.I. and Constance, R.P. (2002) Viscous properties of taro flour extruded with whey proteins to simulate weaning foods. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 26, 179-194.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2002.tb00479.x
|
[73]
|
Onwuka, N. and Enneh, C. (1996) The cocoyam (Xantho-soma sagittifolium) as a potential for raw material source for beer brewing. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 49, 283-293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01091977
|
[74]
|
Gubag, R., Omoloso, D.A. and Owens, J.D. (1996) Sapal: A traditional fermented taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] corm and coconut cream mixture from Papua New Guinea. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 28, 361-367.
|
[75]
|
National Academy of Science. (1975) Underexploited tropical plants with promising economic values. Report of ad hoc panel of the advisory committee on technology innovation, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC.
|
[76]
|
Wang, J.K. and Nagaragan, K. (1984) An integrated taro production system for the humid tropics. In: Chandra, S., Ed., Edible Aroids, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 140-148.
|
[77]
|
Griffin, G.J.L. (1979) Non-food applications of starch, especially potential uses of taro. In: Plucknett, D.L., Ed., Small-Scale Processing and Storage of Tropical Root Crops, Westview Tropical Agricultural Series, 1, 275-301.
|