Economic value and exploiting approaches of sea asparagus, a seawater-irrigated vegetable

Litian Feng, Bin Ji, Bin Su

Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jinan Winsir Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China; Shandong Seawater Vegetable Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd., Jinan.
Shandong Seawater Vegetable Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd..

DOI: 10.4236/as.2013.49B007                

Abstract

Sea asparagus is a newly emerging seawater-irrigated vegetable. Firstly, the economic value of sea asparagus was introduced, and then, someexploiting approaches of sea asparagus werefully reviewed. The exploiting approaches mainly include fresh vegetable, pickle, bio-salt, health-care products, animal feed, vegetable oil, bio-diesel and skin-care products.

Keywords

Sea Asparagus; Seawater-Irrigated Vegetable; Economic Value; Exploiting Approaches; Bio-Salt

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Glenn, E.P., O’Leary, J.W., Watson, M.C., et al. (1991) Salicornia bigelovii Torr.: An oilseed halophyte for sea-water irrigation. Science, 251, 1065-1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.251.4997.1065
[2]	Rozema, J. and Flowers, T. (2008) Ecology: Crops for a Salinized World. Science, 322, 1478-1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1168572
[3]	Zerai, D.B., Glenn, E.P., Chatervedi, R., et al (2010) Potential for the improvement of Salicornia bigelovii through selective breeding. Ecological Engineering, 36, 730-739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.01.002
[4]	Glenn, E.P., Brown, J.J., O’Leary, J.W., et al. (1998) Irrigating crops with seawater. Scientific American, 8, 76-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0898-76
[5]	Ventura, Y. and Sagi, M. (2013) Halophyte crop cultivation: The case for Salicornia and Sarcocornia. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 92, 144-153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.07.010
[6]	Lu, Z. Hodges, R.M., Mota-Urbina, C., et al. (2001) Nutrient constituents of salicornia (Salicornia bigelovii Torr.): A seawater-irrigated new green vegetable. Hortscience, 36, 484.
[7]	Feng, L., Wang, L. and Zhao, S. (2011) Research progress and utilization of sea asparagus irrigated by seawater. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 43, 94-97.
[8]	Kadereit, G., Ball, P., Beer, S., et al. (2007) A taxonomic nightmare comes true: phylogeny and biogeography of glassworts (Salicornia L., Chenopodiaceae). Taxon, 56, 1143-1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25065909
[9]	Katschnig, D., Broekman, R. and Rozema J. (2013) Salt tolerance in the halophyte Salicornia dolichostachya Moss: Growth, morphology and physiology. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 92, 32-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.04.002
[10]	Yong., C. J., Jong, H.A., Song, M.C., et al. (2002) Studies on pharmaological effects of Glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.). Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science, 10, 93-99.
[11]	Im, S., Kim, G.W. and Lee, C.K. (2003) Immunomodulatory activity of Salicornia herbacea L. components. Nat. Prod. Sci., 9, 273-277.
[12]	Lee, Y.S., Lee, H.S., Shin, K.H., et al. (2004) Constituents of the Halophyte Salicornia herbacea. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 27, 1034-1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02975427
[13]	Chung, Y.C., Chun, H.K., Yang, J.Y., et al. (2005) Tungtungmadic Acid, a Novel Antioxidant, from Salicornia herbacea. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 28, 1034- 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02972972
[14]	Im, S.A., Kim, J. and Lee, C.K. (2006) Immunomod-ulatory activity of polysaccharides isolated from Salicornia herbacea. International Immunopharmacology, 6, 1451-1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2006.04.011
[15]	Sang, H.P., Sung, K.K., Jin, G.C., et al. (2006) Salicornia herbacea prevent high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in ICR mice. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 29, 256-264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02969402
[16]	Jang, H.S., Kim, K.R., Choi S.W., et al. (2007) Antioxidant and antithrombus activities of enzyme-treated Salicornia herbacea extracts. Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 51, 119-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000100826
[17]	Hwang, J.Y., Lee, S.K., Jo, J.R., et al. (2007) Hypolipidemic effect of Salicornia herbacea in animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition Research and Practice, 1, 371-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2007.1.4.371
[18]	Sung, J.H., Park, S.H., Seo, D.H., et al. (2009) Antioxidative and skin-whitening effect of an aqueous extract of Sali-cornia herbacea. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 73, 552-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.80601
[19]	Kim, Y.A., Kong, C.S., Young, R.U., et al. (2009) Evaluation of Salicornia herbaceae as a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory Agent. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12, 661-668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.1072
[20]	Rhee, M.H., Park, H.J. and Cho, J.Y. (2009) Salicornia herbacea: Botanical, chemical and parmacological review of halophyte marsh plant. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3, 548-555.
[21]	Hwang, Y.P., Yun, Y.J., Chun, H.K., et al. (2009) Protective mechanisms of 3-caffeoyl, 4-dihydrocaffeoyl quinic acid from Sali-cornia herbacea against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 181, 366-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2009.07.017
[22]	Ryu, D.S., Kim, S.H. and Lee, D.S. (2009) Anti-proliferative effect of polysaccharides from Salicornia herbacea on induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 19, 1482-1489.
[23]	Sarker, S.K., Park, S.R., Kim, G.M., et al. (2010) Hamcho (Salicornia herbacea) with probiotics as alternative to antibiotic for broiler production. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4, 415-420.
[24]	Hwang, Y.P., Yun, H.J., Choi J.H., et al. (2010) 3-caffeoyl, 4-dihydrocaffeoyl quinic acid from Salicornia herbacea inhibits tumor cell invasion by regulating protein kinase C-δ-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. Toxicology Letters, 198, 200-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.06.018
[25]	Kang, S., Kim, D., Lee B.H., et al. (2011) Antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects of fractions from glasswort (Salicornia herbacea) seed extracts on human intestinal cells. Food Science and Biotechnology, 20, 115-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-011-0016-7
[26]	Anwar, F., Bhanger, M.I., Nasir M.K.A., et al. (2002) Analytical characterization of Salicornia bigelovii seed oil in Pakistan. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 40, 4210-4214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0114132
[27]	Feng, L. and Wen, L. (2009) The development and utilization of Salicornia bigelovii. Journal of Salt and Chemical Industry, 38, 38-42.
[28]	Feng, L., Duan, J.J. and Li, H.J. (2008) Preliminary review of biomass edible Salt. Journal of Salt and Chemical Industry, 37, 39-42.
[29]	Feng, L., Wen, L. and Su, B. (2009) On edible bio-salt. In: Sha, Z.L., Ed., The 9th International Symposium on Salt, Gold Wall Press, Beijing, 1466-1467.
[30]	Attia, F.M., Alsobayel, A.A., Kriadees, M.S., et al. (1997) Nutrient composition and feeding value of Salicornia bigelovii Torr meal in broiler diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 65, 257-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01074-7
[31]	Park, Y, Albright, K.J., Liu, W., et al. (1997) Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition in mice. Lipids, 32, 853-858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-997-0109-x
[32]	Feng, L. (2008) Halophytes promising for biomass energy resources in China. Journal of Biotechnology, 136S, S271.
[33]	Bailis, R. and Yu, E. (2012) Environmental and social implications of integrated seawater agriculture systems producing Salicornia bigelovii for biofuel. Biofuels, 3, 555-574. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bfs.12.50