Relationships of Dissolved Oxygen with Chlorophyll-a and Phytoplankton Composition in Tilapia Ponds

Abstract

This study investigated the relationships among the parameters of dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton composition in tilapia ponds. Each pond (a total of 18 ponds) was sampled once in the dry, winter season between January and March and again early in the rainy season between May and June. The data were analyzed by examining correlations among parameters as affected by season, altitude and culture system. Observations were made at sites located in 5 selected provinces of northern Thailand: Chiangrai, Chiangmai, Phayao, Lampang and Nakornsawan. Mean elevation of these areas range from 25 to 582 meters above sea level (masl) and were categorized into low (<400 masl) and high (>400 masl) elevation sites. Ponds were 0.8 - 2.0 m deep, 0.16 - 0.64 ha in area and could be further categorized into high and low input systems.Mean air temperature in winter ranged between 16.5°C - 35.8°C while mean water temperature ranged between 25.5°C - 27.1°C. In rainy season, air temperature ranged between 22.0°C - 37.3°C and water temperature ranged between 29.4°C - 31.8°C. The amount of chlorophyll-a in both seasons were comparable (p > 0.05), but chlorophyll-a in high input system was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in low input ponds. Only weak correlation was found between chlorophyll-a, DOmax and DOmin. Multifactor-ANOVA was used to analyze the difference of total bacteria and filamentous cyanobacteria in ponds based upon elevation, culture systems and season. Result shows that there is a significant interaction observed between elevation, culture system and season (p < 0.05). Species diversity and composition of phytoplankton in fish ponds in 2 seasons revealed the presence of 90 genera of phytoplankton under all 7 divisions. Divisions Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta had the most number of genera identified in both seasons with Pediastrum spp., and Scendesmus spp., and Anabaena spp. as dominant genera/genus, respectively.

Share and Cite:

K. Kunlasak, C. Chitmanat, N. Whangchai, J. Promya and L. Lebel, "Relationships of Dissolved Oxygen with Chlorophyll-a and Phytoplankton Composition in Tilapia Ponds," International Journal of Geosciences, Vol. 4 No. 5B, 2013, pp. 46-53. doi: 10.4236/ijg.2013.45B008.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] K. M. Brander, “Global Fish Production and Climate Change,” Vol. 104, 2007, pp. 19709-19714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702059104
[2] C. Lueanthuwapranit, “The Principle of Aquaculture,” Bangkok, 2005, p. 434.
[3] H. S. Egna and C. E. Boyd, “Dynamic of Pond Aquaculture,” CRC Press, New York, 1997.
[4] Z. A. Ahmed, Hisham, et al., “Eco-Monitoring of Climate Impact on Earthen Pond Water Quality in El-Fayoum, Egypt,” International Research Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 11, 2011, pp. 442-454.
[5] F. P. Meyer, K. E. Sneed and P. T. Eschmeyer, “Second Report to the Fish Farmers: Status of Warmwater Fish Farming and Progress in Fish Farming Research,” Bureau of Sports Fisheries and Wildlife, Washington, DC, 1973, p. 12.
[6] Anonymous, “Lecture Notes on the Training Course in Fresh Water Fish Culture. III. Adult Fish Culture in Pond,” Kwangtung Provincial Research Institute of Aquatic Products, Kwangchow, 1975.
[7] C. E. Boyd, “Water Quality Management for Pond Fish Culture,” Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982, p. 318.
[8] D. W. Smith, “Biological Control of Excessive Phytoplankton Growth and Enhancement of Aquacultural Production,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1987, p. 196.
[9] A. W. Sin and M. T. Chiu, “Summer and Winter Kills in Fish Ponds of Hong Kong and Their Possible Prediction,” Aquaculture, Vol. 29, 1982, pp.125-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(82)90039-4
[10] B. A. Costa-Pierce., E. A. Laws and S. Malecha, “Effects of Fish and Plant Polyculture and Feed Source on the Water Quality of Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) ponds in Hawaii,” Trans, Vol. 114, 1985, pp. 826-836.
[11] C. E. Boyd, “The Chemical Oxygen Demand of Waters and Biological Materials from Ponds,” 1973.
[12] H. K. Dupree and J. V. Huner, “Third Report to the Fish Farmers: The Status of Warmwater Fish Farming and Progress in Fish Farming Research,” U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC, 1984, p. 270.
[13] J. A. Steel, “Phytoplankton Models,” In: E. D. LeCren and R. H. Lowe-McConnell, Eds., Functioning of Freshwater Ecosystems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Vol. 2, 1980, pp. 20-227.
[14] J. W. Andrews, T. Murai and Gibbons, “The Influence of Dissolved Oxygen on the Growth of Channel Catfish,” Trans, Vol. 102, 1973, pp. 835-838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1973)102<835:TIODOO>2.0.CO;2
[15] APHA, “Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,” 15th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 1980.
[16] ISO, ISO 6222:1999, “Water Quality Enumeration of Culturable Mcro-Organisms Colony Count by Inoculum in a Nutrient Agar Culture Medium,” International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1999.
[17] SCA, “The Microbiology of Drinking Water (2002) Part 7 Methods for the Enumeration of Hetero-trophic Bacteria,” 2002.
[18] J. T. Hardy, “Phytoneuston Ecology of a Temperate Marine Lagoon,” Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 18, 1973, pp. 525-533. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1973.18.4.0525
[19] J. E. G. Raymont, “Plankton and Productivity in Oceans,” Press, Ltd., Oxford, 1963.
[20] P. V. Zimba and C. C. Grimm, “A Synoptic Survey of Musty/Muddy Odor Metabolites and Microcystin Toxin Occurrence and Concentration in Southeastern USA Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Ralfinesque) Production Ponds,” Aquaculture , Vol. 218, 2003, pp. 81-87.
[21] R. D. Robarts and T. Zohary, “Temperature Effects on Photosynthetic Capacity, Respiration and Growth Rates of Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria,” New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, Vol. 21, 1987, pp. 391-399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1987.9516235
[22] M. W. Brunson, C. G. Lutz and R. M. Durbrow, “Algae Blooms in Commercial Fish Production Ponds,” SRAC.
[23] M. T. Dokulil and K. Teubner, “Cyanobacterial Dominance in Lakes,” Hydrobiologia, Vol. 438, 2000, pp. 3-12.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.