Optimization of Extraction Technology of Polysaccharide of Tricholoma giganteum

Meihua Mo, Shenghua Hu, Xuefeng Xu, Ziying Ma, Yan Ni, Yaowu Wei, Jiang Nie

College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China..

DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.45A001                

Abstract

Tricholoma giganteum also being called Tricholoma lobayense, belongs to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae and Tricholoma. It has high economic and medicinal values and is a kind of rare edible mushroom. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that T. giganteum have antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial and free radicals scavenging activity, and it can inhibit high blood pressure and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. In this study, the technologies of isolation and purification of polysaccharides of T. giganteum were systematically studied. T. giganteum polysaccharides were obtained by hot-water extraction method. The infection of the extraction temperature, the extraction time, the solvent-solid ratio and the volume of solvent used during precipitation on the polysaccharides extraction ratio were studied. The extraction process was optimized by the uniform design (UD) method on the basis of the results of the single-factor experiments. The optimum extraction conditions of the mushroom polysaccharides (MP) were as follows: Extraction temperature was 100℃; extraction time was 3 hours; solvent-solid ratio was 20:1 and 5 times volume of 95% ethanol. The yield of polysaccharides of T. giganteum was 12.92%.

Keywords

Polysaccharide; Tricholoma giganteum; Extraction; Uniform Design

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	S. T. Chang and X. L. Mao, “Hong Kong Mushrooms,” The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, Hong Kong, 1995.
[2]	C. Y. Guo and Y. F. Shen, “Isolation and Domestication of Strain ‘Xia-3’ from Tricholoma giganteum,” Subtropical Plant Science, Vol. 31, No.1, 2002, pp. 14-16.
[3]	H. K. Kim, Y. S. Kim, S. J. Seok, G. P. Kim and D. Y. Cha, “Artificial Cultivation of Tricholoma giganteum Collected in Korea (I)-Morphological Charateristics of Fruitbody and Environmental Condition in Habitat of T. giganteum,” Korean Journal of Mycology, Vol. 26, No. 2, 1998, pp. 182-186.
[4]	Y. L. Liu, S. M. Tan, M. Y. Wun and E. Liang, “A Study on the Isolation and Identification of Wild Tricholoma lobayense Strain,” Acta Edulis Fung, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2001, pp. 19-23.
[5]	M. Yoshikazy and T. Mizuno, “Cultivation of Niohshimeji (Tricholoma giganteum),” Food Reviews International, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1997, pp. 413-418. doi:10.1080/87559129709541127
[6]	Y. Z. Wang, H. M. Y. H. Tang and Z. F. Zhang, “Analysis of Main Nutrition Components in Tricholoma giganteum Fruitbodies,” Acta Edulis Fungi, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2005, pp. 24-26.
[7]	Y. X. Guo，H. X. Wang and T. B. Ng, “Isolation of Trichogin: An Antifungal Protein from Fresh Fruiting Bodies of the Edible Mushroom Tricholoma giganteum,” Peptides, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2005, pp. 575-580. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.11.009
[8]	D. H. Lee, J. H. Kim，J. S. Park, et al., “Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide Derived from the Edible Mushroom Tricholoma giganteum,” Peptides, Vol. 25, No. 4, 2004, pp. 621-627. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.01.015
[9]	F. Liu, V. E. C. Ooi and S. T. Chang, “Free Radicals Scavenging Activity of Mushroom Polysaccharide Extracts,” Life Science, Vol. 60, No. 10, 1997, pp. 763-771. doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00004-0
[10]	F. Liu, V. E. C. Ooi, W. K. Liu and S. T. Chang, “Immuno-Modulation and Antitumor Activity of Polysaccha-ride-protein Complex from the Culture Filtrates of a Local Edible Mushroom, Tricholoma lobayense,” Mycosystema, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1996, pp. 621-624. doi:10.1016/0306-3623(95)02058-6
[11]	J. L. Mau, H. C. Lin and S. F. Song, “Antioxidant Properties of Several Specially Mushroom,” Food Research Intemational, Vol. 35, No. 6, 2002, pp. 519-526. doi:10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00150-8
[12]	T. Mizuno, T. Kinoshita, C. Zhang, H. Ito and Y. Mayuzum, “Antitumer-Active Heteroglycans from Niohshimeji Mushroom, Tricholoma giganteum,” Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1995, pp. 568-571. doi:10.1271/bbb.59.568
[13]	M. H. Mo and Q. M. Zhang, “Studies on Antimicrobial Activity of the Extracts of Macrocybe gigantean,” Science and Technology of Food Industry, Vol. 30, No.5, 2009, pp. 151-153.
[14]	H. X. Wang and T. B. Ng, “Purification of a Novel Low-Molecular-Mass Laccase with HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activity from the Mushroom Tricholoma giganteum,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 315, No. 2, 2004, pp. 450-454. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.064
[15]	Q. M. Zhang and M. H. MO, “Study of Chemical Components and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Oil of Macrocybe gigantean,” Modern Food Science and Technology, Vol. 24, No. 12, 2008, pp. 1232-1235.
[16]	Y. H. Jiang, X. L. Jiang, P. Wang, H. J. Mou, X. K. Hu and S. Q. Liu, “The Antitumor and Antioxidative Activities of Polysaccharides Isolated from Isaria farinosa BOS,” Microbiological Research, Vol. 163, No. 4, 2008, pp. 424-430. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2006.07.002
[17]	H. Nanba, N. Kodama and D. Schar, “Effects of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) Glucanin HIV Infected Patients,” My coscience, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2000, pp. 293-295. doi:10.1007/BF02463941
[18]	W. L. Shi, G. Z. Chen, H. Han, X. Chen, Y. K. Hong, L. K. Chen, D. Chen, et al., “Extraction, Characterization of the Polysaccharide Extracts from Se-enriched G. lucidum (Se-GLP) and Its Inhibition Against Oxidative Damage in Ischemic Reperfusion Mice (vol. 80, pg 774, 2010),” Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 83, No. 3, 2011, pp. 1416-1416. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.001
[19]	C. Y. Yan, Y. Yin, D. W. Zhang, W. Yang and R. M. Yu, “Structural Characterization and in Vitro Antitumor Activity of a Novel Polysaccharide from Taxus yunnanensis,” Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 96, No. 2, 2013, pp. 389-395. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.012
[20]	C. Zou, Y. M. Du, Y. Li, J. H. Yang, T. Feng, L. Zhang, et al., “Preparation of Lacquer Polysaccharide Sulfates and Their Antioxidant Activity in Vitro,” Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 73, No. 2, 2008, pp. 322-331. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.11.035
[21]	P. Ghosh, P. Ghosal, S. Thakur, P. Lerouge, C. Loutelier-Bourhis, A. Driouich, et al., “Polysaccharide from Sesamum indicurn Meal: Isolation and Struetural Features,” Food chemisty, Vol. 90, No. 4, 2005, pp. 719-726. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.04.032
[22]	S. Q. Huang and Z. X. Ning, “Extraction of Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum and Its Immune Enhancement Activity,” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 47, No. 3, 2010, pp. 336-341. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.03.019
[23]	R. M. Yu, Y. Yin, et al., “Structural Elucidation and Biological Activity of a Novel Polysaccharide by Alkaline Extraction from Cultured Cordyceps militaris,” Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 75, No. 1, 2009, pp. 166-171. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.07.023
[24]	Z. Hromadkova, A. Ebringerova and P. Valachovic, “Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from the Roots of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.),” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2008, pp. 37-44. doi:10.1016/S1350-4177(01)00093-1
[25]	S. Q. Huang, J. W. Li, Z. Wang, H. X. Pan, J. X. Chen and Z. X. Ning, “Optimization of Alkaline Extraction of Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Effect on Immune Function in Mice,” Molecules, Vol. 15, No. 5, 2010, pp. 3694-3708. doi:10.3390/molecules15053694
[26]	Z. H. Jiang, X. L. Yin, Q. H. You and S. Y. Zheng, “Studies on Extraction of Tricholoma matsutake Polysaccharides by Complex Enzyme and Molecular Weight Distribution,” Acta Edulis Fung, 2010, pp. 109-112.
[27]	K. T. Fang and H. Qin, “A Note on Construction of Nearly Uniform Designs with Large Number of Runs,” Statistics & Probability Letters, Vol. 61, No. 2, 2003, pp. 215-224. doi:10.1016/S0167-7152(02)00357-7
[28]	Y. Z. Liang, K. T. Fang and Q. S. Xu, “Uniform Design and Its Applications in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,” Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, Vol. 58, 2001, pp. 43-57.
[29]	Y. Y. Tan, Y. C. Jiao, H. Li and X. K. Wang, “MOEA/D Plus Uniform Design: A New Version of MOEA/D for Optimization Problems with Many Objectives,” Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 40, No. 6, 2013, pp. 1648-1660. doi:10.1016/j.cor.2012.01.001
[30]	Q. Y. Tang and C. X. Zhang, “Data Processing System (DPS) Software with Experimental Design, Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Developed for Use in Entomological Research,” Insect Science, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2013, pp. 256-260. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7917.2012.01519.x