Melanoma Immunotherapy: Overcoming Obstacles to Augment Anti-Tumor Immune Responses

Abstract

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and accounts for the vast majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Its ability to metastasize quickly, often before diagnosis, makes this cancer difficult to treat with traditional therapies. The identification of anti-melanoma immune responses in patients and the discovery of tumor antigens targeted by these immune responses have paved the way for immunotherapy as a novel approach to treating this cancer. In this review, the major immunotherapies targeting these melanoma tumor antigens are discussed. The advantages and limitations of peptide-, protein-, and gene-based vaccination maneuvers and adoptive cell transfer therapies are emphasized. Recent insights into melanoma immune evasion strategies are also highlighted, with particular focus on how our increasing knowledge of tumor/immune cell interactions is driving the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of melanoma.

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K. Hargadon, "Melanoma Immunotherapy: Overcoming Obstacles to Augment Anti-Tumor Immune Responses," Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, Vol. 3 No. 2A, 2013, pp. 7-27. doi: 10.4236/jcdsa.2013.32A002.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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