Nuclear Model Calculations on the Production of Auger Emitter 165Er for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy
Mahdi Sadeghi, Milad Enferadi, Claudio Tenreiro
.
DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2010.14033   PDF    HTML     4,973 Downloads   9,934 Views   Citations

Abstract

Auger electron emitting radionuclides have potential for the therapy of small-size cancers because of their high level of cytotoxicity, low-energy, high linear energy transfer, and short range biologic effectiveness. Auger emitter 165Er (T1/2 = 10.3 h, IEC = 100%) is a potent nuclide for targeted radionuclide therapy. 165Er excitation function via 165Ho(p,n)165Er, 165Ho(d,2n)165Er, 166Er(p,2n)165Tm→165Er, 166Er(d,3n)165Tm→165Er, natEr(p,xn)165Tm→165Er and 164Er(d,n)165Tm→165Er reactions were calculated by ALICE/91, ALICE/ASH (GDH Model & Hybrid Model) and TALYS-1.2 (Equilibrium & Pre-Equilibrium) codes and compared to existing data. Requisite for optimal thicknesses of targets were obtained by SRIM code for each reaction.

Share and Cite:

M. Sadeghi, M. Enferadi and C. Tenreiro, "Nuclear Model Calculations on the Production of Auger Emitter 165Er for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy," Journal of Modern Physics, Vol. 1 No. 4, 2010, pp. 217-225. doi: 10.4236/jmp.2010.14033.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] A. I. Kassis, “Cancer Therapy with Auger Electrons: Are We Almost There?” Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 44, No. 9, 2003, pp.1479-1481.
[2] J. L. Humm, R. W. Howell and D. V. Rao, “Dosimetry of Auger-Electron-Emitting Radionuclides, Report No. 3 of AAPM Nuclear Medicine, Task Group No. 6,” Medical Physics, Vol. 21, No. 12, 1994, pp. 1901-1915.
[3] R. W. Howell, V. R. Narra, K. S. Sastry and D. V. Rao, “Auger Electron Dosimetry, Report No. 37 of AAPM Nuclear Medicine, Task Group No. 2,” Medical Physics, Vol. 19, No. 16, 1992, pp. 1352-1383.
[4] H. Thisgaard, “Accelerator Based Production of Auger-Electron Emitting Isotopes for Radionuclide Therapy,” Denmark, Ris?-PhD-42(EN), 2008, pp. 2-6.
[5] A. Bishayee, D. V. Rao and R. W. Howell, “Radiation Protection by Cysteamine Against the Lethal Effects of Intracellularly Localized Auger Electron, α-, and β-Particle Emitting Radionuclides,” Acta Oncology, Vol. 39, No. 6, 2000, pp. 713-717.
[6] A. Bishayee, H. Z. Hill, D. Stein, D. V. Rao and R. W. Howell, “Free Radical-Initiated and Gap Junction- Mediated Bystander Effect Due to Non-Uniform Distribution of Incorporated Radioactivity in a Three-Dimensional Tissue Culture Model,” Radiation Research, Vol. 155, No. 2, 2001, pp. 335-344.
[7] A. Kassis and S. J. Adelstein, “Radiobiologic Principles in Radionuclide Therapy,” Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2005, pp. 4S-12S.
[8] A. Kassis, “Therapeutic Radionuclides: Biophysical and Radiobiologic Principles,” Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 38, No. 5, 2008, pp. 358-366.
[9] M. Blann, “ALICE-91, Statistical Model Code System with Fission Competition, RSIC Code,” PACKAGE PSR -146, 1991.
[10] A. Yu. Konobeyev, Yu. A. Korovin and P. E. Pereslavtsev, “Code ALICE/ASH for Calculation of Excitation Functions, Energy and Angular Distributions of Emitted Particles in Nuclear Reactions,” Report of the Obninsk Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering, 1997.
[11] Yu. A. Korovin, A. Yu. Konobeyev, P. E. Pereslavtsev, C. Broeders, I. Broeders, U. Fischerr and U. von M?llendorff, “Evaluated Nuclear Data Files for Accelerator Driven Systems and Other Intermediate and High-Energy Applications,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A, Vol. 463, No. 3, 2001, pp. 544-556.
[12] C. H. M. Broeders, A. Yu. Konobeyev and Yu. A. Korovin, “ALICE/ASH–Pre-Compound and Evaporation Model Code System for Calculation of Excitation Functions, Energy and Angular Distributions of Emitted Particles in Nuclear Reactions at Intermediate Energies,” Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe, Report FZKA 2006. http://bibliothek.fzk.de/zb/berichte/FZKA7183.pdf
[13] C. H. M. Broeders and A. Yu. Konobeyev, “Phenomenological Model for Non-Equilibrium Deuteron Emission in Nucleon Induced Reaction,” Kerntechnik, Vol. 70, No. 5-6, 2005, pp. 260-269.
[14] A. Iwamoto and K. Harada, “Mechanism of Cluster Emission in Nucleon,” Physical Review C-Nuclear Physics, Vol. 26, No. 5, 1982, pp. 1821-1834.
[15] M, Blann, “Hybrid Model for Pre-equilibrium Decay in Nuclear Reactions,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 27, No. 6, 1971, pp. 337-340.
[16] E. Beták and J. Dobe?, “The Finite Depth of the Nuclear Potential Well in the Exciton Model of Preequilibrium Decay,” Zeitschrift für Physik A: Atoms and Nuclei, Vol. 279, No. 3, 1976, pp. 319-324.
[17] C. Kalbach, “Surface and Collective Effects in Preequilibrium Reactions,” Physical Review C-Nuclear Physics, Vol. 62, No. 4, 2000, pp. 446081-4460814.
[18] C. Kalbach, “Erratum: Surface and Collective Effects in Preequilibrium Reactions,” Physical Review C-Nuclear Physics, Vol. 64, No. 3, 2001, p. 39901(E).
[19] C. Kalbach, “Surface Effects in Pre-equilibrium Reactions of Incident Neutrons,” Physical Review C-Nuclear Physics, Vol. 69, No. 1, 2004, p. 14605.
[20] K. Sato, A. Iwamoto and K. Harada, “Pre-equilibrium Emission of Light Composite Particles in the Framework of the Exciton Model,” Physical Review C, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1983, pp. 1527-1537.
[21] A. Yu. Konobeyev and Yu. A. Korovin, “Calculation of Deuteron Spectra for Nucleon Induced Reactions on the Basis of the Hybrid Exciton Model Taking into Account Direct Processes,” Kerntechnik, Vol. 61, No. 1, 1996, pp. 45-49.
[22] T. Belgya, O. Bersillon, T. Fukahori et al., “Handbook for Calculations of Nuclear Reaction Data,” IAEA-TECDOC-1506, Vienna, Austria, 2006.
[23] A. J. Koning, S. Hilaire and M. Duijvestijn, “TALYS-1.2 A Nuclear Reaction Program, User Manual,” NRG, Netherlands, 2009, pp. 16-18.
[24] V. F. Weisskopf and D. H. Ewing, “Excitation of Nuclei by Bombardment with Charged Particles,” Physical Review, Vol. 57, No. 12, 1940, pp. 472-485.
[25] A. V. Ignatyuk, K. K. Istekov and G. N. Smirenkin, “The Role of Collective Effects in the Systematics of Nuclear Level Densities,” Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1979, pp. 875-883.
[26] H. Büyükuslu, A. Kaplan, E. Tel, A. Aydin, G. Y?ld?r?m and M. H. B?lükdemir, “Theoretical Cross Sections of 209Bi, 232Th, 235U and 238U on Deuteron-Induced Reactions,” Annals of Nuclear Energy, Vol. 37, No. 4, 2010, pp. 534- 539.
[27] G. J. Beyer, S. K. Zeisler and D. W. Becker, “The Auger-electron Emitter Er-165: Excitation Function of the Ho-165(p,n)Er-165 Process,” Radiochimica Acta, Vol. 92, No. 4-6, 2004, pp. 219-223.
[28] F. Tárkányi, A. Hermanne, S. Takacs, F. Ditrói, B. Király et al., “Experimental Study of the 165Ho(p,n) Nuclear Reaction for Production of the Therapeutic Radioisotope 165Er,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B, Vol. 266, No. 15, 2008, pp. 3346-3352.
[29] F. Tárkányi, F. S. Takacs, A. Hermanne, F. Ditrói, “Experimental Study of the 165Ho(d,2n) and 165Ho(d,p) Nuclear Reactions up to 20 MeV for Production of the Therapeutic Radioisotopes 165Er and 166gHo,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B, Vol. 266, No. 16, 2008, pp. 3529-3534.
[30] F. Tárkányi, F. S. Takacs, A. Hermanne, F. Ditrói et al., “Investigation of Production of the Therapeutic Radioisotope 165Er by Proton Induced Reactions on Erbium in Comparison with Other Production Routes,” Applied Radiation and Isotope, Vol. 67, No. 2, 2009, pp. 243-247.
[31] J. Ziegler, J. Biersack and U. Littmark, “The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, SRIM Code,” USA, 2006. http://www.srim.org/
[32] M. Sadeghi, A. Zali and B. Zeinali, “86Y Production via 86Sr(p,n) for PET Imaging at a Cyclotron,” Applied Radiation and Isotope, Vol. 67, No. 7-8, 2009, pp. 1393 -1396.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.