|
[1]
|
Ogden, C.L., Curtin, L.R., Lamb, M.M. and Flegal, K.M. (2010) Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, 242-249.
|
|
[2]
|
CDC (2011) Adolescent and school health: Childhood obesity facts, 2011. US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta.
|
|
[3]
|
Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M. (1985) Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press, New York.
|
|
[4]
|
McCrindle, M. and Wolfinger, E. (2008) The ABC of XYZ: Understanding the global generations. University of New South Wales Press Ltd., Sydney.
|
|
[5]
|
Noble, S.M., Haytko, D.L. and Phillips, J. (2009) What drives college-age generation y consumers? Journal of Business Research, 62, 617-628.
doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.020
|
|
[6]
|
Engebretson, J. (2004) Odd generation out. American Demographics, 26, 14-17.
|
|
[7]
|
Smith, A.M., Lopez-Jimenez, F., McMahon, M.M., Thomas, R.J., Wellik, M.A., Jensen, M.D., et al. (2005) Action on obesity: Report of a Mayo Clinic national summit. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 80, 527-532.
|
|
[8]
|
Grose, M. (2005) XYZ. The new rules of generational warfare. Random House Publishing, Sydney.
|
|
[9]
|
Strauss, W. and Howe, N. (1997) The fourth turning: An American prophecy—What the cycles of history tell us about America’s next rendezvous with destiny. Broadway, Great Falls.
|
|
[10]
|
Frederick-Recascino, C.M. (2002) Self-determination theory and participation motivation research in the sport and exercise domain. In Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M., Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M., Eds., Handbook of Self-Determination Research. University of Rochester Press, Rochester, 277294.
|
|
[11]
|
Bartlett, J.D., Close, G.L., Maclaren, D.M., Gregson, W., Drust, B. and Morton, J.P. (2011) High-intensity interval running is perceived to be more enjoyable than moderate-intensity continuous exercise: Implications for exercise adherence. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29, 547-553.
doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.545427
|
|
[12]
|
Ebben, W. and Brudzynski, L. (2008) Motivations and barriers to exercise among college students. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 11, 1-11.
|
|
[13]
|
Fleig, L., Lippke, S., Pomp, S. and Schwarzer, R. (2011) Exercise maintenance after rehabilitation: How experience can make a difference. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 12, 293-299. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.01.003
|
|
[14]
|
Biddle, S.J.H. and Asare, M. (2011) Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: A review of reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45, 886-895.
doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185
|
|
[15]
|
Biddle, S.J.H., Trish, G. and Stensel, D.J. (2004) Healthenhancing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22, 679-701. doi:10.1080/02640410410001712412
|
|
[16]
|
Biddle, S.J.H., Sallis, J.F. and Cavill, N., Eds. (1998) Young and active? Young people and health-enhancing physical activity: Evidence and implications. Health Education Authority, London.
|
|
[17]
|
Cavill, N., Biddle, S.J.H. and Sallis, J.F. (2001) Healthenhancing physical activity for young people: Statement of the United Kingdom Expert Consensus Conference. Pediatric Exercise Science, 13, 12-25.
|
|
[18]
|
Spray, C.M., Wang, C.K.J., Biddle, S.J.H. and Chatzisarantis, N.L.D. (2006) Understanding motivation in sport: An experimental test of achievement goal and self determination theories. European Journal of Sport Science, 6, 43-51. doi:10.1080/17461390500422879
|
|
[19]
|
Sallis, J.F., Prochaska, J.J. and Taylor, W.C. (2000) A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine in Science and Sports and Exercise, 32, 963-975. doi:10.1097/00005768-200005000-00014
|
|
[20]
|
Butt, J., Weinberg, R.S., Breckon, J.D. and Claytor, R.P. (2011) Adolescent physical activity participation and motivational determinants across gender, age, and race. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 8, 1074-1083.
|
|
[21]
|
Biddle, S.J.H., Whitehead, S.H., O’Donovan, T.M. and Nevill, M.E. (2005) Correlates of participation in physical activity for adolescent girls: A systematic review of recent literature, Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2, 421-432.
|
|
[22]
|
O’Brien Cousins, S. (1998) Exercise, aging and health. Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia.
|
|
[23]
|
Simons-Morton, D.G., Obarzanek, E. and Cutler, J.A. (2006) Obesity research—Limitations of methods, measurements, and medications. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 826-828.
doi:10.1001/jama.295.7.826
|
|
[24]
|
Brustad, R.J. (1993) Who will go out and play? Parental and psychological influences on children’s attraction to physical activity. Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc., 5, 210223.
|
|
[25]
|
Brustad, R.J. (1996) Attraction to physical activity in urban school children: Parental socialization and gender influences. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 316-323. doi:10.1080/02701367.1996.10607959
|
|
[26]
|
Harter, S. (1982) The perceived competence scale for children. Child Development, 53, 87-97.
doi:10.2307/1129640
|
|
[27]
|
Rose, E., Larkin, D., Hands, B., Howard, B. and Parker, H. (2009) Evidence for the validity of the children’s attraction to physical activity questionnaire (CAPA) with young children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12, 573-578. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.05.009
|
|
[28]
|
Czech, D.C., Wrisberg, C.A. and Fisher, L.A. (2004) The experience of Christian prayer in sport. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 1, 3-11.
|
|
[29]
|
Boyd, C.O. (1993) Qualitative approaches in nursing research. Phenomenology: The method. NLN Publications, 19, 99-132.
|
|
[30]
|
Henderson, D. (1992) The experience of supervision: A phenomenological investigation. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
|
|
[31]
|
Hawthorne, M.C. (1988) The human experience of reparation: A phenomenological study. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
|
|
[32]
|
Patton, M.Q. (2002) Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage Publications, Newbury Park.
|
|
[33]
|
Polkinghorne, D.E. (1989) Phenomenological research methods. In: Valle, R.S. and Halling, S., Eds., ExistentialPhenorrumological Perspectivesin Psychology. Plenum Press, New York. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6989-3_3
|
|
[34]
|
McCarthy, P.J. and Jones, M.V. (2007) A qualitative study of sport enjoyment in the sampling years. The Sport Psychologist, 21, 400-416.
|
|
[35]
|
Wallhead, T.L. and Buckworth, J. (2004) The role of physical education in the promotion of youth physical activity. Quest, 56, 285-301.
doi:10.1080/00336297.2004.10491827
|
|
[36]
|
Coté, J. and Fraser-Thomas, J. (2007) Youth involvement in sport. In: Crocker, P.R.E., Ed., Introduction to Sport Psychology, A Canadian Perspective, Pearson Prentice Hall, Toronto, 266-294.
|
|
[37]
|
Scanlan, T.K. and Lewthwaite, R. (1986) Social psychological aspects of competition for male youth sport participants: IV. Predictors of enjoyment. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8, 25-35.
|
|
[38]
|
MacPhail, A., Gorely, T. and Kirk, D. (2003) Young people’s socialization into sport: A case study of an athletics club. Sport, Education and Society, 8, 251-267.
doi:10.1080/13573320309251
|
|
[39]
|
Allender, S., Coburn, G. and Foster, C. (2006) Understanding participation in sport and physical activity among children and adults: A review of qualitative studies. Health Education Research, 21, 826-835.
doi:10.1093/her/cyl063
|
|
[40]
|
Horn, T.S. and Weiss, M.R. (1991) A developmental analysis of children’s self-ability judgments in the physical domain. Pediatric Exercise Science, 3, 310-326.
|
|
[41]
|
Ntoumanis, N. (2001) A self-determination ap-proach to the understanding of motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 225-242.
doi:10.1348/000709901158497
|
|
[42]
|
Davison, K.K., Schmalz, D.L. and Downs, D.S. (2010) Hop, skip…no! Explaining adolescent girls’ disinclinetion for physical activity. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 39, 290-302. doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9180-x
|
|
[43]
|
Cotton Wool Kids, The Daily Telegraph, 17 May 2008.
|
|
[44]
|
Cox, A.E., Smith, A.L. and Williams, L. (2008) Change in physical education motivation and physical activity behavior during middle school. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 506-513.
doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.04.020
|
|
[45]
|
Horn, T.S. and Harris, A. (2002) Perceived competence in young athletes: Research findings and recommendations for coaches and parents. In: Smoll, F.L. and Smith, R.E., Eds., Children and Youth in Sport: A Biopsychosocial Perspective. 2nd Edition, Kendall-Hunt, Dubuque, 435464.
|
|
[46]
|
Allen, J.B. (2003) Social motivation in youth sport. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25, 551-567.
|
|
[47]
|
Finkenberg, M.E. (1991) Sex and ethnicity as factors for participation in physical activity. International Journal of Physical Education, 28, 23-26.
|
|
[48]
|
Gill, D.L. (1988) Gender differences in competitive orientation and sport participation. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 19, 145-159.
|
|
[49]
|
Koivula, N. (1999) Sport participation: Dif-ferences in motivation and actual participation due to gender typing. Journal of Sport Behavior, 22, 360-380.
|
|
[50]
|
Flintoff, A. and Scraton, S. (2001) Stepping into active leisure? Young women’s perceptions of active lifestyles and their experiences of school physical education. Sport, Education, and Society, 6, 5-21.
|
|
[51]
|
Wankel, L.M. and Kreisel, P.S.J. (1985) Factors underlying enjoyment of youth sports: Sport and age group comparisons. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 51-64.
|
|
[52]
|
Eccles, J.S. and Harold, R.D. (1991) Gender differences in sport involvement: Applying the Eccle’s expectancy value model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 3, 7-35. doi:10.1080/10413209108406432
|
|
[53]
|
Hall, H.K. and Kerr, A.W. (1997) Motivational antecedents of precompetitive anxiety in youth sport. The Sport Psychologist, 11, 24-42.
|
|
[54]
|
Scanlan, T.K. and Passer, M.W. (1979) Sources of competitive stress in young female athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology, 1, 151-159.
|
|
[55]
|
Wankel, L.M. and Mummery, W.K. (1990) The psychological and social benefits of sport and physical activity. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 167-182.
|
|
[56]
|
Baker, J. and Robertson-Wilson, J. (2003) On the risks of early specialization in sport. Physical and Health Education Journal, 69, 4-8.
|
|
[57]
|
Fairclough, S., Hilland, T., Stratton, G. and Ridgers, N. (2012) Am I able? Is it worth it? Adolescent girls’ motivational predispositions to school physical education: Associations with health-enhancing physical activity. European Physical Education Review, 18, 147-158.
doi:10.1177/1356336X12440025
|
|
[58]
|
Viciana, J., Cervello, E.M. and Ramirez-Lechuga, J. (2007) Effect of manipulating positive and negative feedback on goal orientations, perceived motivational climate, satisfaction, task choice, perception of ability, and attitude toward physical education lessons. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 105, 67-82.
doi:10.2466/pms.105.1.67-82
|
|
[59]
|
Vu, M.B., Murrie, D., Gonzalez, V. and Jobe, J.B. (2006) Listening to girls and boys talk about girls’ physical activity behaviors. Health Education Behavior, 33, 81-96.
doi:10.1177/1090198105282443
|
|
[60]
|
Slater, A. and Tiggemann, M. (2011) Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self-objectification and body image concerns. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 455-463. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.06.007
|
|
[61]
|
Côté, J. and Hay, J. (2002) Children’s involvement in sport: A developmental perspective. In: Silva, J.M. and Stevens, D.E., Eds., Psychological Foundations of Sport, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, 484-502.
|
|
[62]
|
Kirk, D. (2005) Physical education, youth sport and lifelong participation: The importance of early learning experiences. European Physical Education Review, 11, 239255. doi:10.1177/1356336X05056649
|
|
[63]
|
Rotella, R.J., Hanson, T. and Coop, R.H. (1991) Burnout in youth sports. The Elementary School Journal, 91, 421428.
|