Cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic changes in complement activation-related pseudoallergy

László Dézsi, Gábor Szénási, Rudolf Urbanics, László Rosivall, János Szebeni

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
Department of Languages and Cultural Studies, University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Nanomedicine Research and Education Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary;.
SeroScience Ltd., Budapest, Hungary.

DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.56138                

Abstract

Complement activation-related pseudoallergy (CARPA) is a frequent side effect of intravenous therapies with nanoparticle-containing drugs and biologicals that are recognized by the immune system as foreign. It is an acute infusion reaction dominated by cutaneous and hemodynamic changes, most significantly a cardiopulmonary distress involving major pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension and arrhythmias. Because CARPA is unpredictable by conventional allergy tests and it may be life threatening, it can represent a major barrier to the safe therapeutic application of many modern medicines, including liposomal drugs and monoclonal antibodies. This review summarizes and updates the facts and opens questions regarding this phenomenon, with particular focus on its porcine model.

Keywords

CARPA; Hypersensitivity; Anaphylaxis; Liposome; Pig

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

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