Combined phosphodiesterase inhibitors in end-stage heart failure: A case presentation

Javier Reyna, Julio G. Peguero, Esteban Escolar, Orlando Santana, Gervasio A. Lamas

Division of Cardiology at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Columbia University, Miami Beach, USA.
The Division of Internal Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Columbia University, Miami Beach, USA.

DOI: 10.4236/wjcd.2013.33042                

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and is evolving to epidemic proportions. Despite pharmacologic advances and device interventions, HF remains a progressive disease. The phosphodiesterase inhibitors-3 (PDE3I), and more recently, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors-5 (PDE5I) have been used as part of the treatment in certain patients, however, such combination has not been studied or reported before.

Keywords

Heart Failure; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

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