Serum myeloperoxidase level is increased in heavy smokers

Abstract

 

Raised myeloperoxidase (MPO) serum levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cigarette smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Since myocardial infarction is associated with leukocytosis and smokers present increased levels of neutrophils, here we hypothesized that the levels of serum MPO in smokers could be also raised. We carried out a study on sixty eight adult healthy volunteers. The control group consisted of thirty four non-smokers and the test group was thirty four heavy smokers. The hemogram, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and MPO serum levels were measured. Neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte counts were higher (p < 0.05) and the serum levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and MPO were fourfold higher in smokers than in non-smokers (n = 34, p < 0.05). This result correlated perfectly with the increased neutrophil count and IL-8 serum level that characterize smoking subjects. We propose that the high level of serum MPO could be directly involved in the higher prevalence of coronary artery diseases among heavy smokers.

Share and Cite:

Martins, A. , Ximenes, V. and Fonseca, L. (2013) Serum myeloperoxidase level is increased in heavy smokers. Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics, 3, 5-8. doi: 10.4236/ojcd.2013.31002.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] Shepherd, V.L. (1986) The role of the respiratory burst of phagocytes in host defense. Seminars in Respiratory Infections, 1, 99-106.
[2] Klebanoff, S.J. (2005) Myeloperoxidase: Friend and foe. Journal Leukocytes Biology, 77, 598-625. doi:10.1189/jlb.1204697
[3] Spickett, C.M. (2007) Chlorinated lipids and fatty acids: An emerging role in pathology. Pharmacology Therapy, 115, 400-409. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.06.002
[4] Lau, D. and Baldus, S. (2006) Myeloperoxidase and its contributory role in inflammatory vascular disease. Pharmacology Therapy, 111, 16-26. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.06.023
[5] Shao, B., Oda, M.N., Oram, J.F. and Heinecke, J.W. (2010) Myeloperoxidase: An oxidative pathway for generating dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein. Chemical Research Toxicology, 23, 447-454. doi:10.1021/tx9003775
[6] Chantepie, S., Malle E., Sattler, W., Chapman, M.J. and Kontush, A. (2009) Distinct HDL subclasses present similar intrinsic susceptibility to oxidation by HOCl. Archives Biochemistry Biophysics, 487, 28-35. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2009.05.005
[7] Van der Veen, B.S., de Winther, M.P. and Heeringa, P. (2009) Myeloperoxidase: Molecular mechanisms of action and their relevance to human health and disease. Antioxidant Redox Signaling, 11, 2899-2937. doi:10.1089/ars.2009.2538
[8] Baldus, S., Heeschen, C., Meinertz, T., Zeiher, M., Eiserich, J.P., Münzel T., Simoons M.L. and Hamm, C.W. (2003) Myeloperoxidase serum levels predict risk in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation, 108, 1440-1445. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000090690.67322.51
[9] Roman, R.M., Camargo, P.V., Borges, F.K., Rossini, A.P. and Polanczyk, C.A. (2010) Prognostic value of myeloperoxidase in coronary artery disease: comparison of unstable and stable angina patients. Coronary Artery Disease, 21, 129-136. doi:10.1097/MCA.0b013e328333f50d
[10] Pawlus, J., Holub, M., Kozuch, M., Dabrowska, M. and Dobrzycki, S. (2010) Serum myeloperoxidase levels and platelet activation parameters as diagnostic and prognostic markers in the course of coronary disease. International Journal Laboratory Hematology, 32, 320-328. doi:10.1111/j.1751-553X.2009.01203.x
[11] Wong, N.D., Gransar, H., Narula, J., Shaw, L., Moon, J.H., Miranda-Peats, R., Rozanski, A., Hayes, S.W., Thomson, L.E., Friedman, J.D. and Berman, D.S. (2009) Myeloperoxidase, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease events. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging, 2, 1093-1099. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.05.012
[12] Doll, R. and Peto, R. (1976) Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years observation on male British doctors. British Medical Journal, 2, 1525-1561. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6051.1525
[13] Bridges, R.B., Wyatt, R.J. and Rehm, S.R. (1885) Effect of smoking on peripheral blood leucocytes. European Journal Respiratory Diseases, 661, 24-33.
[14] Gorska, K., Krenke, R., Domagala-Kulawik, J., Korczynski, P., Nejman-Gryz, P., Kosciuch, J., Hildebrand, K. and Chazan, R. (2008) Comparison of cellular and biochemical markers of airway inflammation in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid study. Journal Physiology Pharmacology, 59, 271-283.
[15] Parry, H., Cohens, S. and Schlarb, J.E. (1997) Smoking, alcohol consumption and leucocytes counts. American Journal Clinical Pathology, 107, 64-67.
[16] Iho, S., Tanaka, Y., Takauji, R., Kobayashi, C., Muramatsu, I., Iwasaki, H., Nakamura, K., Sasaki, Y., Nakao, K. and Takahashi, T. (2003) Nicotine induces human neutrophils to produce IL-8 through the generation of peroxynitrite and subsequent activation of NF-kappaB. Journal Leukocytes Biology, 74, 942-951. doi:10.1189/jlb.1202626
[17] Vassallo, R., Kroening, P.R., Parambil, J. and Kita, H. (2008) Nicotine and oxidative cigarette smoke constituents induce immune-modulatory and pro-inflammatory dendritic cell responses. Molecular Immunology, 45, 3321-3329. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2008.04.014
[18] Terashima, T., Wiggs, B., English, D., Hogg, J.C. and Van Eeden, S.F. (1997) The effect of cigarette smoking on the bone marrow. American Journal Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 155, 1021-1026.
[19] Schultz, J. and Kaminker, K. (1962) Myeloperoxidase of leukocyte of normal blood content and localization. Archives Biochemistry Biophysics, 98, 465-471. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(62)90321-1
[20] Undurti, A., Huang, Y., Lupica, J.A., Smith, J.D., DiDonato, J.A. and Hazen, S.L. (2009) Modification of high density lipoprotein by myeloperoxidase generates a proinflammatory particle. Journal Biological Chemistry, 284, 30825-30835. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.047605
[21] Malle, E., Marsche, G., Panzenboeck, U. and Sattler, W. (2006) Myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of high-density lipoproteins: fingerprints of newly recognized potential proatherogenic lipoproteins. Archives Biochemistry Biophysics, 445, 245-255. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.08.008
[22] Shao, B., Oda, M.N., Bergt, C., Fu, X., Green, P.S., Brot, N., Oram, J.F. and Heinecke, J.W. (2006) Myeloperoxidase impairs ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux through methionine oxidation and site-specific tyrosine chlorination of apolipoprotein A-I. Journal Biological Chemistry, 281, 9001-9004. doi:10.1074/jbc.C600011200
[23] Vita, J.A., Brennan, M.L., Gokce, N., Mann, S.A., Goormastic, M., Shishehbor, M.H., Penn, M.S., Keaney, J.F. and Hazen, S.L. (2004) Serum myeloperoxidase levels independently predict endothelial dysfunction in humans. Circulation, 110, 1134-1139. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000140262.20831.8F
[24] Green, S.M., Vowels, J., Waterman, B., Rothrock, S.G., and Kuniyoshi, G. (1996) Leukocytosis: A new look at an old marker for acute myocardial infarction. Academy Emergence Medicine, 3, 1034-1041. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03350.x
[25] Angeli, F., Angeli, E., Ambrosio, G., Mazzotta, G., Reboldi, G. and Verdecchia, P. (2010) Neutrophil count for the identification of postmenopausal hypertensive women at increased cardiovascular risk. Obstetric Gynecology, 115, 695-703. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d53df6
[26] Gibson, P.H., Cuthbertson, B.H., Croal, B.L., Rae, D., El-Shafei, H., Gibson, G., Jeffrey, R.R., Buchan, K.G. and Hillis, G.S. (2010) Usefulness of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. American Journal Cardiology, 105, 186-191. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.09.007
[27] Nicita-Mauro, V., Maltese, G., Nicita-Mauro, C., Lasco, A. and Basile, G. (2010) Non smoking for successful aging: Therapeutic perspectives. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 16, 775-782. doi:10.2174/138161210790883552
[28] Luo, Y., Li, X., Li, J., Wang, X., Qiao, Y., Hu, D., Merriam, P.A. and Ma, Y. (2010) Combined effects of smoking and peripheral arterial disease on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in a Chinese male cohort. Journal Vascular Surgery, 51, 673-678. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2009.09.024

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.