[1]
|
D. Panescu, R. A. Stratbucker, “Current Flow in the Human Body,” In: M. W. Kroll and J. D. Ho, Eds., Taser Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology and the Law, Springer, Berlin, 2009.
doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85475-5_6
|
[2]
|
A. J. Dennis, D. J. Valentino, R. J. Walter, K. K. Nagy, J. Winners, F. Bokhari, D. E. Wiley, K. T. Joseph and R. R. Roberts, “Acute Effects of TASER X26 Discharges in a Swine Model,” Journal of Trauma Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, Vol. 63, No. 3, 2007, pp. 581-590.
doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3180683c16
|
[3]
|
S. J. Holden, R. D. Sheridan, T. J. Coffey, R. A. Scaramuzza and P. Diamantopoulos, “Electromagnetic Modelling of Current Flow in the Heart from TASER Devices and the Risk of Cardiac Dysrhythmias,” Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 52, No. 24, 2007, Article ID: 7193-7209. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/24/001
|
[4]
|
D. Lakkireddy, D. Wallick, A. Verma, K. Rytschon, W. Kowalewski, O. Wazni, J. Butany, D. Martin and P. Tchou, “Cardiac Effects of Electrical Stun Guns: Does Position of Barbs Contact Make a Difference?” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2008, pp. 398-408. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01008.x
|
[5]
|
K. Nanthakumar, I. M. Billingsly, S. Masse, P. Dorian, D. Cameron, V. S. Chauhan, E. Dowrar and E. Sevaptsidis, “Cardiac Electrophysiological Consequences of Neuromuscular Incapacitating Device Discharges,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 48, No. 4, 2006, pp. 798-804. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.02.076
|
[6]
|
J. D. Ho, J. R. Miner, D. R. Lakireddy, L. L. Bultman and W.G. Heegaard, “Cardiovascular and Physiologic Effects of Conducted Electrical Weapon Discharge in Resting Adults,” Academic Emergency Medicine, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2006, pp. 589-595.
doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2006.tb01016.x
|
[7]
|
J. D. Ho, D. M. Dawes, L. L. Bultman, R. M. Moscati, T. A. Janchar and J. R. Miner, “Prolonged TASER Use on Exhausted Humans Does Not Worsen Markers of Acidosis,” American Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 4, 2009, pp. 413-418.
doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2008.03.017
|
[8]
|
S. D. Levine, C. M. Sloane, T. C. Chan, J. V. Dunford and G. M. Vilke, “Cardiac Monitoring of Human Subjects Exposed to the Taser,” The Journal of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2007, pp. 113-117.
doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2007.02.018
|
[9]
|
D. M. Dawes and J. M. Ho, “The Neuroendocrine Effects of the TASER X26: A Brief Report,” Forensic Science International, Vol. 183, No. 1, 2009, pp. 14-19.
doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.09.015
|
[10]
|
J. Strote, R. Campbell, J. Pease, M. S. Hamman and R. Hutson, “The Role of Tasers in Police Restraint-Related Deaths,” Annals of Emergency Medicine, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2005, p. 85. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.06.314
|
[11]
|
H. Sun and J. G. Webster, “Estimating Neuromuscular Stimulation within the Human Torso with Taser Stimulus,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 52, No. 21, 2007, pp. 6401-6411. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/21/004
|
[12]
|
J. Y. Wu, H. Sun, A. P. O’Rourke, S. Huebner, P. S. Rahko, J. A. Will and J. G. Webster, “Taser Blunt Probe Dart-to-Heart Distance Causing Ventricular Fibrillation in Pigs,” The IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 12, 2008, Article ID: 2768-2771.
|
[13]
|
P. J. Kim and W. H. Franklin, “Ventricular Fibrillation after Stun-Gun Discharge,” The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 353, 2005, pp. 958-959.
doi:10.1056/NEJMc051625
|
[14]
|
J. R. Jauchem, C. W. Beason and M. C. Cook, “Acute Effects of an Alternative Electroniccontrol-Device Waveform in Swine,” Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology, Vol. 5 No. 1, 2009, pp. 2-10.
doi:10.1007/s12024-009-9076-x
|
[15]
|
J. R. Jauchem, “An Animal Model to Investigate Effectiveness and Safety of Conducted Energy Weapons (Including TASER Devices),” Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 55, No. 2, 2010, pp. 521-526.
doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01308.x
|
[16]
|
L. M. Haegeli, L. D. Sterns, D. C. Adam and R. A. Leather, “Effect of a Taser Shot to the Chest of a Patient with an Implantable Defibrillator,” Heart Rhythm, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2006, pp. 339-341.
doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2005.12.012
|
[17]
|
B. E. Mangus, L. Y. Shen, S. D. Helmer, J. Maher and R. S. Smith, “Taser and Taser Associated Injuries: A Case Series,” American Surgeon, Vol. 74, No. 9, 2009, pp. 862-865.
|
[18]
|
T. R. Braidwood, “Restoring Public Confidence: Restricting the Use of Conducted Energy Weapons in British Columbia,” 2009.
www.braidwoodinquiry.ca/report/,
|
[19]
|
Taser International, “TASER X26E Series Electronic Control Device Specification Version 2.0 Online,” Taser International, Scottsdale, 2009.
|
[20]
|
J. P. Reilly, A. M. Diamant and J. Comeaux, “Dosimetry Considerations for Electrical Stun Devices,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 54, No. 5, 2009, pp. 1319-1335. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/54/5/015
|
[21]
|
International Electrotechnical Commission, “Effects of Current on Human Beings and Livestock—Part 2: Special Effects,” International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, 2007.
|
[22]
|
P. Savard, R. Walter and A. Dennis, “Analysis of the Quality and Safety of the Taser X26 devices tested for Radio-Canada/Canadian Broadcasting Corporation by National Technical Systems, Test Report 41196-08.SRC,” 2008. http://www.cbc.ca/news/pdf/taser-analysis-v1.5.pdf
|
[23]
|
A. Adler, D.P. Dawson, R. Evans, L. Garland, M. Miller, I. Sinclair, “Test Procedure for Conducted Energy Weapons: Version 1.1,” 2010.
www.curve.carleton.ca/papers/2010/CEWTest-Procdure-2010-ver1.1.pdf.
|
[24]
|
Creative Commons, “Creative Commons Attribution,” 2004. http://www. creativecommons. org/licenses/by/3.0.
|
[25]
|
P. Rahmati, D. Dawson and A. Adler, “Towards a Portable, Memory-Efficient Test System for Conductive Energy Weapons,” CCECE, Ottaw, 2011.
|