Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer

Kouichi Nonaka, Hiroto Kita

Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan..

DOI: 10.4236/jct.2013.41A004                

Abstract

The field of endoscopy has progressed markedly and become widespread in recent years, and the role of minimally invasive endoscopic treatment has become increasingly more important with the increase in the number of patients in whom gastric cancer is detected at an early stage. In addition, the characteristics of early gastric cancer, which can be curably treated by mucosal resection alone just as by surgical cancer resection, were clarified, and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed as a highly curable, minimally invasive treatment, that is gaining popularity. In this paper, we describe the technical details and complications of ESD for early gastric cancer, including their management.

Keywords

Gastric Cancer; ESD; Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	M. Tada, A. Murakami, M. Karita, H. Yanai and K. Okita, “Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer,” Endoscopy, Vol. 25, No. 7, 1993, pp. 445-450. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1010365
[2]	A. Torii, M. Sakai, T. Kajiyama, et al., “Endoscopic Aspiration Mucosectomy as Curative Endoscopic Surgery; Analysis of 24 Cases of Early Gastric Cancer,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 42, No. 5, 1995, pp. 475-479. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(95)70053-6
[3]	H. Inoue, M. Endo, K. Takeshita, et al., “A New Simplified Technique of Endoscopic Esophageal Mucosal Resection Using a Cap-Fitted Panendoscope (EMRC),” Surgical Endoscopy, Vol. 6, No. 5, 1992, pp. 264-265. doi:10.1007/BF02498820
[4]	H. Inoue, K. Takeshita, H. Hori, et al., “Endoscopic Mucosal Resection with a Cap-Fitted Panendoscope for Esophagus, Stomach, and Colon Mucosal Lesions,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 39, No. 1, 1993, pp. 58-62. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(93)70012-7
[5]	H. Yamamoto, T. Yube, N. Isoda, et al., “A Novel Method of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Using Sodium Hyaluronate,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 50, No. 2, 1999, pp. 251-256. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(99)70234-8
[6]	T. Gotoda, H. Kondo, H. Ono, et al., “A New Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Procedure Using an Insulation-Tipped Electrosurgical Knife for Rectal Flat Lesions: Report of Two Cases,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 50, No. 4, 1999, pp. 560-563. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(99)70084-2
[7]	H. Ono, H. Kondo and T. Gotodav, “Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Treatment of Early Gastric Cancer,” Gut, Vol. 48, No. 2, 2001, pp. 225-229. doi:10.1136/gut.48.2.225
[8]	Y. Takeuchi, N. Uedo, H. Iishi, et al., “Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection with Insulated-Tip Knife for Large Mucosal Early Gastric Cancer: A Feasibility Study (with videos),” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 66, No. 1, 2007, pp. 186-193. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2007.03.1059
[9]	I. K. Chung, J. H. Lee, S. H. Lee, et al., “Therapeutic Outcomes in 1000 Cases of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Neoplasms: Korean ESD Study Group Multicenter Study,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 69, No. 7, 2009, pp. 1228-1235. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2008.09.027
[10]	T. Ohta, R. Ishihara, N. Uedo, et al., “Factors Predicting Perforation during Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Cancer,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 75, No. 6, 2012, pp. 1159-1165. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.015
[11]	A. Imagawa, H. Okada, Y. Kawahara, et al., “Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer: Results and Degrees of Technical Difficulty as Well as Success,” Endoscopy, Vol. 38, No. 10, 2006, pp. 987-990. doi:10.1055/s-2006-944716
[12]	J. Lian, S. Chen, Y. Zhang and F. Qiu, “A Meta-Analysis of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection and EMR for Early Gastric Cancer,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 76, No. 4, 2012, pp. 763-770. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2012.06.014
[13]	H. Onodera, A. Tokunaga, T. Yoshiyuki, et al., “Surgical Outcome of 483 Patients with Early Gastric Cancer: Prognosis, Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality, and Gastric Remnant Cancer,” Hepatogastroenterology, Vol. 51, No. 55, 2004, pp. 82-85
[14]	K. Inoue, T. Tobe, N. Kan, et al., “Problems in the Definition and Treatment of Early Gastric Cancer,” British Journal of Surgery, Vol. 78, No. 7, 1991, pp. 818-821. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800780717
[15]	Y. Maehara, H. Orita, T. Okuyama, et al., “Predictors of Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Gastric Cancer,” British Journal of Surgery, Vol. 79, No. 3, 1992, pp. 245-247. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800790320
[16]	Y. Seto, H. Nagawa and T. Muto, “Impact of Lymph Node Metastasis on Survival with Early Gastric Cancer,” World Journal of Surgery, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1997, pp. 186-189. doi:10.1007/s002689900213
[17]	Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, “Guidelines for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer,” Kanehara & Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 2001.
[18]	T. Sano, O. Kobori and T. Muto, “Lymph Node Metastasis from Early Gastric Cancer: Endoscopic Resection of Tumour,” British Journal of Surgery, Vol. 79, No. 3, 1992, pp. 241-244. doi:10.1002/bjs.1800790319
[19]	T. Yamao, K. Shirao, H. Ono, et al., “Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis from Intramucosal Gastric Carcinoma,” Cancer, Vol. 77, No. 4, 1996, pp. 602-606. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960215)77:4<602::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-I
[20]	T. Namieno, K. Koito, T. Higashi, et al., “Assessing the Suitability of Gastric Carcinoma for Limited Resection: Histologic Differentiation of Endoscopic Biopsy,” World Journal of Surgery, Vol. 22, No. 8, 1998, pp. 865-868. doi:10.1007/s002689900483
[21]	M. Matsushita, K. Hajiro, K. Okazaki, H. Takakuwa, “Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Gastric Tumors Located in the Lesser Curvature of the Upper Third of the Stomach,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 45, No. 6, 1997, pp. 512-515. doi:10.1016/S0016-5107(97)70183-4
[22]	M. Kaise, M. Kato, M. Urashima, et al., “Magnifying Endoscopy Combined with Narrow-Band Imaging for Differential Diagnosis of Superficial Depressed Gastric Lesions,” Endoscopy, Vol. 41, No. 4, 2009, pp. 310-315. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1119639
[23]	K. Yao, T. Matsui and A. Iwashita, “Clinical Application of Magnification Endoscopy with NBI for Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer,” Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi, Vol. 104, 2007, pp. 782-789
[24]	K. Nonaka, M. Namoto, H. Kitada, et al., “Usefulness of the DL in ME with NBI for Determining the Expanded Area of Early-Stage Differentiated Gastric Carcinoma,” World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Vol. 4, 2012, pp. 362-367. doi:10.4253/wjge.v4.i8.362
[25]	T. Sano and Y. Kodera, “Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma: 3rd English Edition,” Gastric Cancer, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2011, pp. 101-112. doi:10.1007/s10120-011-0041-5