[1]
|
Daniels, D.L., Williams, A.L. and Haughton, V.M. (1983) Computed tomography of the articulations and ligaments at the occipito-atlantoaxial region. Radiology, 146, 709- 716
|
[2]
|
Baumert, B., Wortler, K., Steffinger, D., Schmidt, G.P., Reiser, M.F. and Baur-Melnyk, A. (2009) Assessment of the internal craniocervical ligaments with a new magnetic resonance imaging sequence: Three-dimensional turbo spin echo with variable flip-angle distribution (SPACE). Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 27, 954-960.
doi:10.1016/j.mri.2009.01.012
|
[3]
|
Dvorak, J. and Panjabi, M.M. (1987). Functional anatomy of the alar ligaments. Spine, 12, 183-189.
doi:10.1097/00007632-198703000-00016
|
[4]
|
Kim, H.J., Jun, B.Y., Kim, W.H., Cho, Y.K., Lim, M.K. and Suh, C.H. (2002) MR imaging of the alar ligament: Morphologic changes during axial rotation of the head in asymptomatic young adults. Skeletal Radiology, 31, 637- 642. doi:10.1007/s00256-002-0572-2
|
[5]
|
Krakenes, J., Kaale, B.R., Rorvik, J. and Gilhus, N.E. (2001) MRI assessment of normal ligamentous structures in the craniovertebral junction. Neuroradiology, 43, 1089- 1097. doi:10.1007/s002340100648
|
[6]
|
Pfirrmann, C.W., Binkert, C.A., Zanetti, M., Boos, N. and Hodler, J. (2001) MR morphology of alar ligaments and occipitoatlantoaxial joints: Study in 50 asymptomatic subjects. Radiology, 218, 133-137.
|
[7]
|
Saifuddin, A., Green, R. and White, J. (2003) Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical ligaments in the ab- sence of trauma. Spine, 28, 1686-1691.
|
[8]
|
Schweitzer, M.E., Hodler, J., Cervilla, V. and Resnick, D. (1992) Craniovertebral junction: Normal anatomy with MR correlation. American Journal of Roentgenology, 158, 1087-1090.
|
[9]
|
Vetti, N., Krakenes, J., Eide, G.E., Rorvik, J., Gilhus, N.E. and Espeland, A. (2009) MRI of the alar and transverse ligaments in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) grades 1-2: High-signal changes by age, gender, event and time since trauma. Neurora-diology, 51, 227-235.
doi:10.1007/s00234-008-0482-7
|
[10]
|
Willauschus, W.G., Kladny, B., Beyer, W.F., Gluckert, K., Arnold, H. and Scheithauer, R. (1995) Lesions of the alar ligaments. In vivo and in vitro studies with magnetic resonance imaging. Spine, 20, 2493-2498.
doi:10.1097/00007632-199512000-00006
|
[11]
|
Yuksel, M., Heiserman, J.E. and Sonntag, V.K. (2006) Magnetic resonance imaging of the craniocervical junc- tion at 3-T: Observation of the accessory atlantoaxial ligaments. Neurosurgery, 59, 888-892.
|
[12]
|
Bagley, L.J. (2006). Imaging of spinal trauma. Radiologic Clinics of North America, 44, 1-12.
doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2005.08.004
|
[13]
|
Stabler, A., Eck, J., Penning, R., Milz, S.P., Bartl, R., Resnick, D. and Reiser, M. (2001) Cervical spine: Post- mortem assessment of accident injuries—comparison of radiographic, MR imaging, anatomic, and pathologic fin- dings. Radiology, 221, 340-346.
doi:10.1148/radiol.2212010336
|
[14]
|
Van Geothem, J.W., Biltjes, I.G., van den Hauwe, L., Parizel, P.M. and De Schepper, A.M. (1996) Whiplash injuries: Is there a role for imaging? European Journal of Radiology, 22, 30-37.
doi:10.1016/0720-048X(95)00696-N
|
[15]
|
Ellis, J.H., Martel, W., Lillie, J.H. and Aisen, A.M. (1991) Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal cranioverte- bral junction. Spine, 16, 105-111.
|
[16]
|
Ashman, C.J., Farooki, S., Abduljalil, A.M. and Chakeres, D.W. (2002). In vivo high resolution coronal MRI of the wrist at 8.0 tesla. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomo- graphy, 26, 387-391.
doi:10.1097/00004728-200205000-00013
|
[17]
|
Farooki, S., Ashman, C.J., Yu, J.S., Abduljalil, A. and Chakeres, D. (2002) In vivo high-resolution MR imaging of the carpal tunnel at 8.0 tesla. Skeletal Radiology, 31, 445-450. doi:10.1007/s00256-002-0506-z
|
[18]
|
Saupe, N., Prussmann, K.P., Luechinger, R., Bosiger, P., Marincek, B. and Weishaupt, D. (2005) MR imaging of the wrist: Comparison between 1.5- and 3-T MR imag- ing—preliminary experience. Radiology, 234, 256-264.
doi:10.1148/radiol.2341031596
|
[19]
|
Engelman, E.D., Schnitzlein, S.H., Hilbelink, D.R., Mur- tagh, F.R. and Silbiger, M.L. (1989) Imaging anatomy of the cranio-vertebral junction (occipito-atlanto-axial joint). Clinical Anatomy, 2, 241-252.
doi:10.1002/ca.980020405
|
[20]
|
Krakenes, J., Kaale, B.R., Nordli, H., Moen, G., Rorvik, J. and Gilhus, N.E. (2003) MR analysis of the transverse ligament in the late stage of whiplash injury. Acta Ra- diologica, 44, 637-644.
|
[21]
|
Tubbs, R.S., Grabb, P., Spooner, A., Wilson, W., and Oakes, W.J. (2000). The apical ligament: anatomy and functional significance. Journal of Neurosurgery, 92, 197-200.
|
[22]
|
Grabb, B.C., Frye, T.A., Hedlund, G.L., Vaid, Y.N., Grabb, P.A. and Royal, S.A. (1999) MRI diagnosis of suspected atlanto-occipital dissociation in childhood. Pe- diatric Radiology, 29, 275-281.
doi:10.1007/s002470050588
|
[23]
|
Hecker, P. (1922) Appareil ligamenteux occipito-atlo?do- axo?dien: étude d’anatomie comparée. Anatomy, Cytol- ogy, Histology, Histopathology, 1, 417-433.
|
[24]
|
Krakenes, J., Kaale, B.R., Moen, G., Nordli, H., Gilhus, N.E. and Rorvik, J. (2002) MRI assessment of the alar ligaments in the late stage of whiplash injury: A study of structural abnormalities and observer agreement. Neuro- radiology, 44, 617-624. doi:10.1007/s00234-002-0799-6
|
[25]
|
Myran, R., Kvistad, K.A., Nygaard, O.P., Andresen, H., Folvik, M. and Zwart, J.A. (2008) Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the alar ligaments in whiplash in- juries: A case-control study. Spin, 33, 2012-2016.
doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817bb0bd
|
[26]
|
Williams, P.L.W.R., Dyston, M. and Banister, L.H. (1989) In Gray’s anatomy. 37th Edition, Churchill-Liv- ingstone, Edinburgh.
|
[27]
|
Tubbs, R.S., Hallock, J.D., Radcliff, V., Naftel, R.P., Mortazavi, M., Shoja, M.M., Loukas, M. and Cohen- Gadol, A.A. (2011) Ligaments of the craniocervical junc- tion. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 14, 697-709.
doi:10.3171/2011.1.SPINE10612
|
[28]
|
Panjabi, M.M., Oxland, T.R. and Parks, E.H. (1991) Quantitative anatomy of cervical spine ligaments. Part II. Middle and lower cervical spine. Journal of Spinal Dis- orders, 4, 277-285.
doi:10.1097/00002517-199109000-00004
|
[29]
|
Tubbs, R.S., Kelly, D.R., Humphrey, E.R., Chua, G.D., Shoja, M.M., Salter, E.G., Acakpo-Satchivi, L., Wellons, J.C., Blount, J.P. and Oakes, W.J. (2007) The tectorial membrane: Anatomical, biomechanical, and histological analysis. Clinical Anatomy, 20, 382-386.
doi:10.1002/ca.20334
|
[30]
|
Cattrysse, E., Barbero, M., Kool, P., Gagey, O., Clarys, J.P. and Van Roy, P. (2007) 3D morphometry of the transverse and alar ligaments in the occipito-atlanto-axial complex: An in vitro analysis. Clinical Anatomy, 20, 892- 898. doi:10.1002/ca.20559
|
[31]
|
Okazaki, K. (1995) Anatomical study of the ligaments in the occipito-atlantoaxial complex. Nihon Seikeigeka Gak- kai Zasshi, 69, 1259-1267.
|
[32]
|
Panjabi, M.M., Crisco, J.J., Lydon, C. and Dvorak, J. (1998) The mechanical properties of human alar and transverse ligaments at slow and fast extension rates. Cli- nical Biomechanics, 13, 112-120.
doi:10.1016/S0268-0033(97)00053-3
|
[33]
|
Soames, R. (1995) Skeletal system. In: Williams, P.L., Bannister, L.H., Berry, M.M., et al., Eds., Gray’s Anat- omy, 38th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 425-736.
|
[34]
|
Harris, M.B., Duval, M.J., Davis Jr., J.A. and Bernini, P.M. (1993) Anatomical and roentgenographic features of atlantooccipital instability. Journal of Spinal Disorders, 6, 5-10. doi:10.1097/00002517-199302000-00002
|
[35]
|
Roy, S., Hol, P.K., Laerum, L.T. and Tillung, T. (2004) Pitfalls of magnetic resonance imaging of alar ligament. Neuroradiology, 46, 392-398.
doi:10.1007/s00234-004-1193-3
|