Search for Laser Lines in Sodium like Fe Plasmas

Wessameldin S. Abdelaziz, Mai E. Ahmed, Tharwat M. El-Sherbini, Mohammed Alshaik Ahmed, Ali S. Khalil

Al-Azhar University in Palastine, Ghaza, Palastine.
Environmental Affairs Agency, Cairo, Egypt.
Laboratory of Lasers and New Materials, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
National Institute of Laser Enhanced Seiences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 2Environmental Affairs Agency, Cairo, Egypt.
Tebin Institute for Metrological Studies (TIMS), Cairo, Egypt.

DOI: 10.4236/opj.2012.24038                

Abstract

Energy levels, transition probabilities and effective collision strength for 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3l, 4l, 5l (l = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) states of sodium like Fe are used in the determination of the reduced populations for 21 fine structure levels over a wide rang of electron density values (10¹⁸ to 10²⁰ cm^–3) and at against electron plasma temperatures. Gain coefficients are evaluated and plotted against the electron density.

Keywords

XUV; Soft X-Ray; Laser Emission; Gain Coefficient

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	R. J. Thomas and W. M. Neupert, “Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum of a Solar Active Region from SERTS,” Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 91, No. 1, 1994, pp. 461-482. doi:10.1086/191944
[2]	D. R. Flower and H. Nussbaumer, “Relative Intensities of Solar Emission Lines of Ions in the Sodium Isoelectronic Sequence,” Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 42, No. 2, 1975, pp. 265-268.
[3]	J. M. Laming and U. Feldman, “Relationships among the Intensities of Li?, Be?, and Na? like Resonance Lines in Collisionally Ionized Astrophysical Plasmas,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 527, No. 1, 1999, p. 1106.
[4]	U. Feldman and G. A. Doschek, “Plasma Diagnostics Using High-Resolution Spectroscopic Techniques,” The Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 67, No. 6, 1977, p. 726. doi:10.1364/JOSA.67.000726
[5]	P. A. Loboda, V.V. Popova and M. K. Shinkarev, “Line Profile and Spectral Gain Calculations for High-Z Ions in X-Ray Laser Plasmas,” Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 58, No. 4-6, 1997, pp. 757-771.
[6]	D. Benredjem, G. Jamelot, A. Sureau, B. Talin and C. Moller, “Soft X-Ray Lasers and Applications,” In: J. J. Rocca and Hagelstein, Eds., Proceedings of SPIE, 2520, SPIE, Bellingham, 1995, p. 13.
[7]	U. Feldman, A. K. Bhatia, S. Suckewer, U. Feldman, A. K. Bhatia and S. Suckewer; “Short Wavelength Laser Calculations for Electron Pumping in Neon-Like Krypton (Kr XXVII),”Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 54, No. 5, 1983, pp. 2188-2197. doi:10.1063/1.332371
[8]	U. Feldman, J. F. Seely and G. A. Doschek; “3s–3p Laser Gain and X-Ray Line Ratios for the Carbon Isoelectronic Sequence,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 59, No. 12, 1986, pp. 3953-3957. doi:10.1063/1.336695
[9]	U. Feldman, G. A. Doschek, J. F. Seely and A. K. Bhatia, “Short Wavelength Laser Calculations for Electron Pumping in Be I and B I Isoelectronic Sequences (18 ≤ Z≤ 36),” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 58, No. 8, 1985, p. 2909. doi:10.1063/1.335838
[10]	U. Feldman, J. F. Seely and A. K. Bhatia, “Scaling of Collisional Pumped 3s-3p Lasers in the Neon Isoelectronic Sequence,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 56, No. 9, 1984, pp. 2475-2478. doi:10.1063/1.334308
[11]	G. Chapline and L. Wood, “X-Ray Lasers,” Physics Today, Vol. 28, No. 6, 1975, 40 Pages. doi:10.1063/1.3069004
[12]	A. V. Vinogradov, “High Pressure CW Waveguide CO2TE Lasers,” Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 6, 1980, p. 754. doi:10.1070/QE1980v010n06ABEH010287
[13]	W. H. Goldstien, J. Oreg, A. Zigler, A. Bar-Shalom and M. Klapisch, “Gain Predictions for Nickel-Like Gadolinium from a 181-Level Multiconfigurational Distorted-Wave Collisional-Radiative Model,” Physical ReviewA, Vol. 38, No. 4, 1988, pp. 1797-1804. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.38.1797
[14]	I. I. Sobel?man, “Introduction to the Theory of Atomic Spectra,” Vol. 40, Internatlonal Seris of Monographs in Natural Philosophy, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979.
[15]	W. O. Younisa, S. H. Allamb and Th. M. El-Sherbinib, “Fine-Structure Calculations of Energy Levels, Oscillator Strengths, and Transition Probabilities for Sodium-Like ions (Co XVII–Kr XXVI),” Atomic Data and Nuclear Tables, Vol. 92, No. 2, 2005, pp. 187-205.
[16]	W. S. Abdelaziz, “Gain Coefficient Calculation for Short Wave Laser Emission from Nickel-Like Sm,” Physica Scripta, Vol. 79, No. 4, 2009, pp. 1-4.
[17]	W. S. Abdelaziz, “Soft X-Ray Laser Emission from W+46,” European Physical Journal D, Vol. 55, No. 1, 2009, pp. 17-21. doi:10.1140/epjd/e2009-00209-3
[18]	W. S. Abdelaziz and El Sherbini, “Reduced Population and Gain Coefficient Calculations for Soft X-Ray Laser Emission from Eu35+,” Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2010, pp. 699-702. doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2009.11.021
[19]	U. Feldman, J. F. Seely and A. K. Bhatia, “Density Sensitive X-Ray Line Ratios in the Be I, B I, and Ne I Isoelectronic Sequences,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 58, No. 11, 1985, pp. 3954-3958. doi:10.1063/1.335569