Environmental stress upon hepatopancreatic cells of freshwater prawns (Decapoda: Caridea) from the floodplain of Paraná River

Pablo Collins

.

DOI: 10.4236/ns.2010.27094                

Abstract

In order to evaluate the influence of stressed environments on hepatopancreatic cells of fre- shwater prawns, Macrobachium borellii Nobili, 1896 and Palaemonetes argentinus Nobili 1901, (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) were collected at three different aquatic environments with different relationship to urban development in Argentina. Furthermore the effects of several cypermethryn concentration on hepa- topancreatic cell of M. borellii and P. argentinus were evaluated in a laboratory assays. The “N° 1” lake (Santa Fe Argentina) which is more affected by the anthropogenic pressure and “Don Felipe” lake which is still not strongly by human activities were the studied sites from the floodplain of Paraná river. While Alejandra lake was the intermedia effects sites. Different damaged ultra-structures were found in F- and R-cells of prawns in the stressed lake. The predominant features were: disrupted the microvillous border, swelled mitochondria, reduction of endoplasmic reticulum, dyctiosomes, glycoproteins, desna-turalization of vacuole membrane and premature autolysis. Moreover the F-cell number was higher in the environment near to city than in the others sites. Similar effects were observed in the cypermethryn assays. The observations clearly indicate that the ultrastructure of midgut gland in the both palaemonids varies depending on the site from which animals are collected and the biocid presence. So, in this case it can be stated that the hepatopancreas histology of fre- shwater prawns is a good tool to monitor the impact of a stressed environment upon freshwater prawns.

Keywords

Palaemonidae; Midgut Gland; Shrimp; Hepatopancreas; Environmental Stress

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Collins, P., Williner, V. and Giri, F. (2006) Trophic rela-tionships in Crustacea Decapoda of a river with floodplain. In: Elewa, A.M.T., Ed., Predation in Organisms: A Distinct Phenomenon, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 59-86.
[2]	Gardi, C. (2001) Land use, agronomic management and water quality in a small Northern Italian watershed. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 87(3), 1-12.
[3]	Turner, R.E., Dortch, Q., Justic, D. and Swenson, E. (2002) Nitrogen loading into an urban estuary: Lake Pontchartrain (Louisiana, U.S.A.). Hydrobiologia, 487(1), 137-152.
[4]	Friedler, E., Juanico, M. and Shelef, G. (2003) Simulation model of wastewater stabilization reservoirs. Ecological Engineering, 20(2), 121-145.
[5]	Storch, V., Janssen, H.H. and Cases, E. (1982) The effects of starvation on the hepatopancreas of the coconut crab, Birgus latro (L.) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoologis- cher Anzeiger, 208(3-4), 115-123.
[6]	Storch, V. and Anger, K. (1983) Influence of starvation and feeding on the hepatopancreas of larval Hyas araneus (Decapoda, Majidae). Helgol?nder Meeresun, 36(1), 67-75.
[7]	Storch, V. and Burkhardt, P. (1984) Influence of nutri-tional stress on the hepatopancreas of Talitrus saltator (Peracarida, Amphipoda). Helgol?nder Meeresun, 38(1), 65-73.
[8]	Anger, K., Storch, V., Anger, V. and Capuzzo, J.M. (1985) Effects of starvation on moult cycle and hepatopancreas of stage I lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae. Helgol?nder Meeresun, 39(2), 107-116.
[9]	Vogt, G., Storch, V., Quinitio, E. and Pascual, F. (1985) Midgut gland as monitor organ for the nutritional value of diets in Penaeus monodon (Decapoda). Aquaculture, 48(1), 1-12.
[10]	Hryniewiecka-Szyfter, Z. and Storch, V. (1986) The in-fluence of starvation and different diets on the hindgut of Isopoda (Mesidotea entomon, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber). Protoplasma, 134(1), 53-59.
[11]	Vogt, G., Quinitio, E. and Pascual, F. (1986) Leucaena leucocephala leaves in formulated feed for Penaeus mo-nodon: A concrete example of the application of histology in nutrition research. Aquaculture, 59(3-4), 209- 234.
[12]	Elendt, B.P. and Storch, V. (1990) Starvation-induced alterations of the ultrastructure of the midgut of Daphnia magna Straus, 1820 (Cladocera). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 10(1), 79-86.
[13]	Triebskorn, R., K?hler, H.R., Zahn, T., Vogt, G., Ludwig, M., Rumpf, S., Kratzmann, M., Alberti, G. and Storch, V. (1991) Invertebrate cells as targets for hazardous sub-stances. Zeitschfirt fuer Angewandte Zoologie, 78(3), 277-287.
[14]	Vogt, G. (1992) Transformation of anterior midgut and hepatopancreas cells by Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) in Penaeus monodon postlarvae. Aquaculture, 107(2-3), 239-248.
[15]	Vogt, G. (1996) Cytopathology of Bay of Piran Shrimp Virus (BPSV), a new Crustacean virus from Mediterra-nean Sea. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 68(3), 239-245.
[16]	Vogt, G. (1997) Hepatopancreatic brush border lysis (HBL)-a new bacterial disease of the shrimp Palaemon elegans. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 29(2), 151-155.
[17]	Bhavan, P. S. and Geraldine, P. (2000) Histopathology of the hepatopancreas and gills of the prawn Macrobra- chium malcolmsonii exposure to endosulfan. Aquatic Toxicology, 50(4), 331-339.
[18]	Vogt, G. (1987) Monitoring of environmental pollutants such as pesticides in prawn aquaculture by histological diagnosis. Aquaculture, 67(1), 157-164.
[19]	Vogt, G. (1988) Anwendung der experimentellen Histo-logie zur Diagnostik in der Krebsaquakultur. In: Ro- senthal, H., Saint-Paul, U. and Hilge, V., Eds., Perspek-tiven der Deutschen Aquakultur, Biologisches Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg, 159-165.
[20]	Shugart, L.R., Bickham, J., Jackim, G., McMahon, G., Ridley, W., Stein, J. and Sterinert, S. (1992) DNA altera-tions. In: Huggett, R.J., Kimerle, P.M., Mehrle, R.A. and Bergman, H.L., Eds., Biomarkers: Biochemical, Physio-logical and Histological Markers of Anthropogenic Stress, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, 125-153.
[21]	Bonetto, A.A. and Wais, I.R. (1995) Southern South American streams and rivers. In: Cushing, C.E., Cummins, K.W. and Minshall, G.W., Eds., Ecosystems of the World 22 River and Stream Ecosystems, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 257-293.
[22]	Garcia de Emiliani, M.O. (1980) Fitoplancton de una laguna del valle aluvial del Paraná medio (“Los Mata-dores”, Santa Fe, Argentina). I. Estructura y distribución en relación a factores ambientales. Ecología, 4(1), 127-140.
[23]	Paggi, J.C. and Jose de Paggi, S. (1990) Zooplankton of the lotic and lentic environments of the Middle Paraná River. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensis, 3, 685-719.
[24]	Devercelli, M. (2006) A morphological and functional approach to the phytoplankton of the Middle Paraná River during an anomalous hydrological period. Hydrobiologia, 563(1), 465-478.
[25]	Collins, P. and Paggi, J.C. (1998) Feeding ecology of Macrobrachium borellii (Nobili) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in flood valley of the River Paraná, Argentina. Hy-drobiologia, 362(1-3), 21-30.
[26]	US EPA (1983) Chemical methods for the examination of water and wastes. EPA-600/4-79-020, United States En-vironmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati.
[27]	APHA. (1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, Philadelphia.
[28]	Drach, P. and Tchernigovtzeff, C. (1967) Sur la methode de determination des stades d’intermue et son application general aux Crustaces. Vie et Milieu. Serie A. Biologie Marine, 18(A), 595-610.
[29]	Collins, P. and Cappello, S. (2006) Cypermethrin toxicity to aquatic life: Bioassays for the freshwater prawn Pa-laemonetes argentinus. Archives of Environmental Con-tamination and Toxicology, 51(1), 79-85.
[30]	Zar, J.H. (1996) Biostatistical analysis. 3rd Edition, Pren-tice Hall, New Jersey.
[31]	Kankaanp?, H.T., Holliday, J., Schoreder, H., Goddard, T.J., Fister, R. and Carmichael, W.W. (2005) Cyanobac-teria and prawn farming in northern New South Wales, Australia–a case study on cyanobacteria diversity and hepatotoxin bioaccumulation. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 203(3), 243-256
[32]	Dawson, R.M. (1998) The toxicology of microcystins. Toxicon, 36(7), 953-962.
[33]	Nappi, A.J. and Vass, E. (1993) Melanogenesis and the generation of cytotoxic molecules during insect cellular immune-reactions. Pigment Cell Research, 6(3), 117-126.
[34]	Pinho, G.L., Moura da Rosa, C., Yunes, J.S., Luquet, C.M., Bianchini, A. and Monserrat, J.M. (2003) Toxic effects of microsystins in the hepatopancreas of the estu-arine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus (Decapoda, Grap-sidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 135(4), 459-468.
[35]	Hu, K.-J. and Leung, P.-C. (2004) Shrimp cathepsin L encoded by an introless gene has predominant expression in hepatopancreas, and occurs in the nucleus of oocyte. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B, 137(1), 21-33.
[36]	K?lher, A., Lauritzen, B., Jansen, D., Bottcher, P., Tegu- liwa, L. and Krune, G. (1998) Detection of P-glycoprotein mediated MDR/MXR in Carcinus maenas hepatopancreas by immuno-gold-silver labeling. Marine Environmental Research, 46(1-5), 411-414.
[37]	Montagna, M. and Collins, P.A. (2007) Survival and growth of Palaemonetes argentinus (Decapoda; Caridea) exposed to insecticides with chlorpyrifos and endosulfan as active element. Archives of Environmental Contami-nation and Toxicology, 53(3), 371-378.
[38]	Vogt, G. and Quinitio, E.T. (1994) Accumulation and excretion of metal granules in the prawn, Penaeus mo- nodon, exposed to water-borne copper, lead, iron and calcium. Aquatic Toxicology, 28(3-4), 223-241.
[39]	Hook, S.E. and Lee, R.F. (2004) Genotoxicant induced DNA damage and repair in early and late developmental stages of the grass shrimp Paleomonetes pugio embryo as measured by the comet assay. Aquatic Toxicology, 66(1), 1-14.
[40]	INALI, (1997) Conservación manejo de ecosistemas acuáticos continentales. Contaminación y acuicultura (PID-BID 0230), 1994-1997, Conicet, Santo Tomé.
[41]	Pollero, R.J., Baró, G., delR, M. and Irazú, C.E. (1991) Lipid classes consumption related to fasting and thermal stress in the shrimp Macrobrachium borellii. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 99B, 243-249.
[42]	Papathanassiou, E. and King, P.E. (1984) Effects of star-vation on the fine structure of the hepatopancreas in the common prawn Palaemon serratus (Pennant). Compara-tive Biochemistry and Physiology, 77A, 243-249.
[43]	Yamuna, A., Kabila, V. and Geraldine, P. (1996) Bioche- mical and histological alterations in the prawn Macro-brachium lamerrei following exposure to automobile discharge. GeoJournal, 40(1-5), 233-237.
[44]	Cairrao, E., Couderchet, M., Soares, A.M. and Guilher-mino, L. (2004) Glutathione-S-transferase activity of Fucus spp. as a biomarker of environmental contamination. Aquatic Toxicology, 70(4), 277-286.
[45]	Zilli, L., Schiavone, R., Scordella, G., Zonno, V., Verri, T., Storelli, C. and Vilella, S. (2003) Changes in cell type composition and enzymatic activities in the hepatopancreas of Marsupenaeus japonicus during the moulting cycle. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 173(4), 355-363.
[46]	Collins, P. (1997) Ritmo diario de alimentación en el camarón Macrobrachium borellii (Decapoda, Palaemo-nidae). Iheringia Série Zoologia, 82(1), 19-24.
[47]	Guary, J.C. and Négrel, R. (1981) Calcium phosphate granules: A trap for transuranic and iron in crab hepato-pancreas. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 68A, 423-427.
[48]	Lyon, R. and Sinkiss, K. (1984) The ultrastructure and metal containing inclusions of mature cell types in the hepatopancreas of a crayfish. Tissue Cell, 16(5), 805-817.
[49]	Nott, J.A. (1991) Cytology of pollutant metals in marine invertebrate: A review of microanalytical applications. Scanning Microscopy, 5(1), 133-142.
[50]	Roldan, B.M. and Shivers, R.R. (1987) The uptake and storage of iron and lead in cells of the crayfish (Orco-nectes propinguus) hepatopancreas and antennal gland. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 86C, 201- 214.
[51]	Vogt, G. (1990) Pathology of midgut gland-cells of Pe- naeus monodon postlarvae after Leucaena leucoce-phala feeding. Disease of Aquatic Organisms, 9(1), 45-61.
[52]	Hopkin, S.P. and Nott, J.A. (1980) Studies on the diges-tive cycle of the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) with special reference to the B-cells in the hepatopancreas. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 60(1), 891-907.