[1]
|
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), “Asthma,” 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/asthma.htm.
|
[2]
|
R. J. Pandya, G. Solomon, A. Kinner, J. R. Balmes, “Diesel Exhaust and Asthma: Hypotheses and Molecular Mechanisms of Action,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 110, Suppl. 1, 2002, pp. 103-112.
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s1103
|
[3]
|
R. C. Gwynn, G. D. Thurston, “The burden of air pollution: Impacts in racial minorities,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, Suppl. 4, 2001, pp. 501-506. doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s4501
|
[4]
|
D. E. McLean, S. Bowen, K. Drezner, A. Rowe, P. Sherman, S. Schroeder, K. Redlener, I. Redlener, “Asthma Among Homeless Children,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vol. 158, 2004, pp. 244-249. doi:10.1001/archpedi.158.3.244
|
[5]
|
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, “Air Pollution and the Health of New Yorkers: The Impact of Fine Particles and Ozone,” 2011.
http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/eode/eode-air-quality-impact.pdf.
|
[6]
|
J. M. Samet, J. J. K. Jaakkola, “The Epidemiologic Approach to Investigating Outdoor Air Pollution,” In: Holgate ST, Samet JM, Koren HS, Maynard RL, Eds., Air Pollution and Health, Academic Press, New York, 1999, pp. 431-459.doi:10.1016/B978-012352335-8/50095-8
|
[7]
|
M. Jerrett, K. Shankardass, K. Berhane, W. J. Gauderman, N. Künzli, E. Avol, F. Gilliland, F. Lurmann, J. N. Molitor, J. T. Molitor, D. C. Thomas, J. Peters, R. McConnell, “Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Asthma Onset in Children: A Prospective Cohort Study with Individual Exposure Measurement,” Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 116, No. 10, 2008, pp. 1433–1438. doi:10.1289/ehp.10968
|
[8]
|
F. Castro-Giner, N. Künzli, B. Jacquemin, B. Forsberg, R. de Cid, J. Sunyer, D. Jarvis, D. Briggs, D. Vienneau, D. Norback, J. R. González, S. Guerra, C. Janson, J. M. Antó, M. Wjst, J. Heinrich, X, Estivill, M. Kogevinas, “Traffic-Related Air Pollution, Oxidative Stress Genes, and Asthma (ECHRS),” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 117, No. 12, 2009, pp. 1919–1924.doi:10.1289/ehp.0900589
|
[9]
|
N. A. Clark, P. A. Demers, C. J. Karr, M. Koehoorn, C. Lencar, L. Tamburic, M. Brauer, “Effect of Early Life Exposure to Air Pollution on Development of Childhood Asthma,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 118, No. 2, 2010, pp. 284–290. doi:10.1289/ehp.0900916
|
[10]
|
S. Redd, “Asthma in the United States: Burden and Current Theories,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 110, Suppl. 4, 2002, pp. 557-560.doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s4557
|
[11]
|
H. S. Koren, “Associations between Criteria Air Pollutants and Asthma,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 103, Suppl. 6, 1995, pp. 235-242.doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s6235
|
[12]
|
D. V. Bates, “Observations on Asthma,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 103, Suppl. 6, 1995, pp. 243-247. doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s6243
|
[13]
|
G. W. K. Wong, T. F. Leung, T. F. Fok, “Outdoor Air Pollution and Asthma,” Pediatric Pulmonology, Suppl. 26, 2004, pp. 220–222. doi:10.1002/ppul.70111
|
[14]
|
L. Tzivian, “Outdoor Air Pollution and Asthma in Children,” Journal of Asthma, Vol. 48, No. 5, 2011, pp. 470–481. doi:10.3109/02770903.2011.570407
|
[15]
|
G. Norris, S. N. YoungPong, J. Q. Koenig, T. V. Larson, L. Sheppard,J. W. Stout, “An Association between Fine Particles and Asthma Emergency Department Visits for Children in Seattle,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 107, No. 6, 1999, pp. 489-493.
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107489
|
[16]
|
M. Lin, Y. Chen, R. T. Burnett, P. J. Villeneuve, D. Krewski, “Effect of short-term exposure to gaseous pollution on asthma hospitalisation in children: a bi-directional case-crossover analysis,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 57, 2003, pp. 50–55.doi:10.1136/jech.57.1.50
|
[17]
|
K. Ito, G. D. Thurston, R. A. Silverman, “Characterization of PM2.5, Gaseous Pollutants, and Meteorological Interactions in the Context of Time-Series Health Effects Models,” Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, Vol. 17, 2007, pp. S45-S60.
|
[18]
|
I. F. Goldstein, J. Cuzick, “Daily Patterns of Asthma in New York City and New Orleans: An Epidemiologic Investigation,” Environmental Research, Vol. 30, 1983, pp. 211-223. doi:10.1016/0013-9351(83)90181-0
|
[19]
|
I. F. Goldstein, B. Currie, “Seasonal Patterns of Asthma: A Clue to Etiology,” Environmental Research, Vol. 33, 1984, pp. 201-215. doi:10.1016/0013-9351(84)90017-3
|
[20]
|
L. Greenburg, F. Field, J. I. Reed, C. L. Erhardt, “Asthma and Temperature Change,” Archives of Environmental Health, Vol. 8, 1964, pp. 642-647.
|
[21]
|
L. Greenburg, F. Field, J. I. Reed, C. L. Erhardt, “Asthma and Temperature Change,” Archives of Environmental Health, Vol. 12, 1966, pp. 561-563.
|
[22]
|
I. F. Goldstein, E. Dulberg, “Air pollution and asthma: Search for a relationship,” Journal of Air Pollution Control Association, Vol. 31, 1981, pp. 370.
doi:10.1080/00022470.1981.10465231
|
[23]
|
G. D. Thurston, K. Ito, P. L. Kinney, M. Lippmann, “A Multi-Year Study of Air Pollution and Respiratory Hospital Admissions in Three New York State Metropolitan Areas: Results for 1988 and 1989 Summers,” Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, Vol. 2, No. 4, 1992, pp. 429-450.
|
[24]
|
P. F. Jameson, L. S. Kalkstein, P. J. Gergen, “A Synoptic Evaluation of Asthma Hospital Admissions in New York City,” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 156, 1997, pp. 1781-1788.
|
[25]
|
R. C. Gwynn, “A Time-Series Analysis of Mortality and Hospital Admissions Associations with Particulate Matter Air Pollution Components in Two New York Metropolitan Areas,” Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, New York, 1999.
|
[26]
|
R. Lall, K. Ito, G. D. Thurston, “Distributed Lag Analyses of Daily Hospital Admissions and Source?Apportioned Fine Particle Air Pollution,” Environmental Health Perspectives,Vol. 119, No. 4, 2011, pp. 455-60.
|
[27]
|
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). “Climate-Radar Data Inventories,” 2012. http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/stationlocator.html.
|
[28]
|
S. R. Schmitt, “Heat Index Calculator,” 2004.
http://convertalot.com/heat_index_calculator.html.
|
[29]
|
J. S. Simonoff, “Analyzing Categorical Data,” Springer Texts in Statistics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2003.
|
[30]
|
W. N. Venables, B. D. Ripley, “Modern Applied Statistics with S,” Springer-Verlag, New York, 2002.
|
[31]
|
Insightful Corporation. “S-Plus version 6.1,” 2001.
|
[32]
|
J. M. Samet, S. L. Zeger, F. Dominici, F. Curriero, I. Coursac, D. W. Dockery, J. Schwartz, A. Zanabetti, “The National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study Part I: Methods and Methodologic Issues,” Health Effects Institute (HEI), 2000.
|
[33]
|
J. S. Hwang, T. H. Hu, C. C. Chan, “Air Pollution Mix and Emergency Room Visits for Respiratory and Cardiac Diseases in Taipei,” Journal of Data Science, Vol. 2, 2004, pp. 311-327.
|
[34]
|
M. Lin, Y. Chen, P. J. Villeneuve, R. T. Burnett, L. Lemyre, C. Hertzman, K. M. McGrail, D. Krewski, “Gaseous Air Pollutants and Asthma Hospitalization of Children with Low Household Income in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,” American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 159, 2004, pp. 294-303. doi:10.1093/aje/kwh043
|
[35]
|
K. Demerjian, “EPA PM Supersite Final Report: PM2.5 Technology Assessment and Characterization Study in New York State (PMTACS-NY),” 2004.
http://www.epa.gov/ttnamti1/files/ambient/super/pmtacs.pdf.
|
[36]
|
R. Lall, G. D. Thurston, “Identifying and quantifying transported vs. local sources of New York City PM2.5 fine particulate matter air pollution,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 40, Suppl. 2, 2006, pp. 333–46.
doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.068
|
[37]
|
C. A. Pope III, D. W., “Epidemiology of Particle Effects,” In: S. T. Holgate, J. M. Samet, H. S. Koren, R. L. Maynard, Air Pollution and Health, Academic Press, New York, 1999, pp. 673-705.
|
[38]
|
T. J. Grahame, “Does improved exposure information for PM2.5 constituents explain differing results among epidemiological studies?” Inhalation Toxicology, Vol. 21, No. 5, 2009, pp. 381-93.
doi:10.1080/08958370802380495
|
[39]
|
G. D. Thurston, K. Ito, “Epidemiological Studies of Ozone Exposure Effects,” In: S. T. Holgate, J. M. Samet, H. S. Koren, R. L. Maynard, Air Pollution and Health, Academic Press, New York, 1999, pp. 485-510.
doi:10.1016/B978-012352335-8/50097-1
|
[40]
|
C. Restrepo, R. Zimmerman, G. Thurston, J. Clemente, J. Gorczynski, M. Zhong, M. Blaustein, L.C. Chen, “A comparison of ground-level air quality data with New York State Department of Environmental Conservation monitoring stations data in South Bronx, New York,” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, Issue 31, 2004, pp. 5295-5304. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.06.004
|
[41]
|
A. Spira-Cohen, L. C. Chen, M. A. Kendall, R. Sheesley, G. D. Thurston, “Personal exposures to traffic-related particle pollution among children with asthma in the South Bronx, NY,” Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, Vol. 20, No. 5, 2010, pp 446-456.
|
[42]
|
H. R. Anderson, A. Ponce de Leon, J. M. Bland, J. S. Bower, J. Emberlin, D. P. Strachen, “Air pollution, pollens, and daily admissions for asthma in London 1987-92,” Thorax, Vol. 53, 1998, pp. 842-848.
doi:10.1136/thx.53.10.842
|
[43]
|
J. T. Lee, H. Kim, H. Song, Y. C. Hong, Y. S. Cho, S. Y. Shin, Y. J. Hyun, Y. S. Kim, “Air pollution and asthma among children in Seoul, Korea,” Epidemiology, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2002, pp. 481-484.
doi:10.1097/00001648-200207000-00018
|
[44]
|
J. Sunyer, C. Spix, P. Quénel, A. Ponce-de-León, A. P?nka, T. Barumandzadeh, G. Touloumi, L. Bacharova, B. Wojtyniak, J. Vonk, L. Bisanti, J. Schwartz, K. Katsouyanni, “Urban air pollution and emergency admissions for asthma in four European cities: the APHEA project,” Thorax, Vol. 52, 1997, pp. 760-765.
doi:10.1136/thx.52.9.760
|
[45]
|
National Archives and Records Administration. “Primary National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nitrogen Dioxide. Federal Register,” Vol. 75, No. 26, Tuesday, February 9, 2010, pp. 6474-6537.
|
[46]
|
G. D. Leikauf, S. Kline, R. E. Albert, C. S. Baxter, D. I. Bernstein, J. Bernstein, C. R. Buncher, “Evaluation of a Possible Association of Urban Air Toxics and Asthma,” Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 103, Suppl. 6, 1995, pp. 253-271. doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s6253
|