Genotypic Distribution of Different Variants of Oncogenic Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) among the Sexually Active HIV-1 Positive Female Population from Manipur, India

Ranajoy Mullick, Satarupa Sengupta, Roni Sarkar, Naorem Nabakishore Singh, Ngangom Brajachand Singh, Yurembam Manihar Singh, Kamalesh Sarkar, Sekhar Chakrabarti

HIV/AIDS Laboratory, Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases (Indian Council of Medical Research), Government of India, Kolkata, India.
Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India.

DOI: 10.4236/wja.2012.22010                

Abstract

A total of 531 sexually active female populations from Manipur (north-eastern India), was chosen for this study. Out of 531 females from Manipur, 111 (20.9%) were HIV positive and 420 were HIV negative (79%). PCR amplification of the MY region of the HPV L1 gene using consensus MY09/11 primer showed 3.7% positivity in Manipur. Interestingly HPV infection among the HIV infected population from Manipur was found to be higher (9%) compared to the non HIV infected population from Manipur (3.7%). Further, single PCR for detecting the 16/18 genotypes and multiplex PCR for the other high risk groups showed equal prevalence of 16 and 18 and other high risk groups (1.3% each) in Manipur. This result was further confirmed by the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Thus, our study showed fairly high HPV prevalence rate among the HIV infected population compared to the non HIV cases in Manipur and also equal prevalence of 16/18 genotypes with other high risk groups. According to our knowledge this is the first kind of a genotypic study among the HPV-HIV co-infected population from northeastern states of India.

Keywords

HPV-HIV Coinfection; Oncogenic Variants; High Risk Groups; Genotyping

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	V. M. B. Grace, “HPV Type 18 Is More Oncopotent than HPV16 in Uterine Cervical Carcinogenesis Although HPV16 is the Prevalent Type in Chennai, India,” Indian Journal of Cancer, Vol. 46, No. 3, 2009, pp. 203-207.
[2]	R. Arora, A. Kumar, B. K. Prusty, U. Kailash, S. Batra and B. C. Das, “Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) Types 16 and 18 in Healthy Women with Cytologically Negative Pap Smear,” European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Vol. 121, No. 1, 2005, pp. 104-109.
[3]	P. Datta, N. Bhatla, L. Dar, A. R. Patro, A. Gulati, A. Kriplani and N. Singh, “Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection among Young Women in North India,” Cancer Epidemiology, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2010, pp. 157-161.
[4]	R. M. Pillai, J. M. Babu, V. T. Jissa, S. Lakshmi, S. V. Chiplunkar, M. Patkar, et al., “Region-Wise Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Types in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Cervix in India,” International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, Vol. 20, No. 6, 2010, pp. 1046-1051.
[5]	A. K. Chaturvedi, J. A. Brinkman, A. M. Gaffga, J. Dumestre, R. A. Clark, P. S. Braly, K. Dunlap, P. J. Kissinger and M. E. Hagensee, “Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Variants in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Positive and -Negative Women,” Journal of General Virology, Vol. 85, No. 5, 2004, pp. 1237-1241.
[6]	M. H. Mayrand, F. Coutlee, C. Hankins, N. La pointe, P. Forest, M. De Ladurantaye and M. Roger, “Detection of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 DNA in Consecutive Genital Samples Does Not Always Represent Persistent Infection as Determined by Molecular Variant Analysis,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 38, No. 9, 2000, pp. 3388-3393.
[7]	L. Perez-Gallego, G. Moreno-Bueno, D. Sarrio, A. Suarez, C. Gamallo and J. Palacios, “Human Papillomavirus-16 E6 Variants in Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions from Hiv-Negative and HIV-Positive women,” American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Vol. 116, No. 1, 2001, pp.143-148. doi:10.1309/42U5-Q2EV-RCBM-WPGJ
[8]	L. F. Xi, C. W. Critchlow, C. M. Wheeler, et al.,” Risk of Anal Carcinoma in Situ in Relation to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Variants,” Cancer Research, Vol. 58, No. 17, 1998, pp. 3839-3844.
[9]	J. J. Goedert, T. R. Cote, P. Virgo, S. M. Scoppa, D. W. Kingma, M. H. Gail, et al., “Spectrum of AIDS Associated Malignant Disorders,” The Lancet, Vol. 351, No. 9119, 1998, pp. 1833-1839. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)09028-4
[10]	S. M. Mbulaiteye, R. J. Biggar, J. J. Goedert and E. A. Engels, “Immunodeficiency and Risk for Malignancy among Persons with AIDS,” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol. 32, No. 5, 2003, pp. 527-533. doi:10.1097/00126334-200304150-00010
[11]	P. Bhanja S. Sengupta, N. Y. Singh, K. Sarkar, S. K. Bhattacharya and S. Chakrabarti, “Determination of Gag and Env Subtypes of HIV-1 Detected among Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) in Manipur, India: Evidence for Intersubtype Recombination,” Virus Research, Vol. 114, No. 1-2, 2005, pp. 149-153.
[12]	R. Mullick, S. Sengupta, K. Sarkar and S. Chakrabarti, “Molecular Characterization of Tat Gene and Long Terminal Repeat Region of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Detected among the Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) of Manipur, India: Identification of BC Recombinants,” Virus Research, Vol. 147, No. 2, 2010, pp. 195-201. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2009.10.024
[13]	K. Sotlar, D. Diemer, A. Dethleffs, Y. Hack, A. Stubner, N. Vollmer, S. Menton, M. Menton, K. Dietz, D. Wallwiener, R. Kandolf and B. Bültmann, “Detection and Typing of Human Papillomavirus by e6 Nested Multiplex PCR,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Vol. 42, No. 7, 2004, pp. 3176-3184.
[14]	F. X. Bosch, M. M. Manos, N. Mu?oz, M. Sherman, A. M. Jansen, J. Peto, M. H. Schiffman, V. Moreno, R. Kurman and K. V. Shah, “Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Cancer: A Worldwide Perspective. International Biological Study on Cervical Cancer (IBSCC) Study Group,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 87, No. 11, 1995, pp. 796-802. doi:10.1093/jnci/87.11.796
[15]	J. M. Walboomers, M. V. Jacobs, M. M. Manos, F. X. Bosch, J. A. Kummer, K. V. Shah, P. J. Snijders, J. Peto, C. J. Meijer and N. Mu?oz, “Human Papillomavirus is a Necessary Cause of Invasive Cervical Cancer Worldwide,” The Journal of Pathology, Vol. 189, No. 1, 1999, pp. 12-19.
[16]	K. Sarkar, R. Pal, B. Bal, B. Saha, S. Bhattacharya, S. Sengupta, P. P. Mazumdar and S. Chakrabarti, “Oncogenic HPV among HIV Infected Female Population in West Bengal, India,” BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol. 11, No. 22, 2011, pp. 11-72.