A Multipath Routing Algorithm Based on Traffic Prediction in Wireless Mesh Networks

Zhiyuan LI, Ruchuan WANG

.

DOI: 10.4236/cn.2009.12013                

Abstract

The technology of QoS routing has become a great challenge in Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). There exist a lot of literatures on QoS routing in WMNs, but the current algorithms have some deficiencies, such as high complexity, poor scalability and flexibility. To solve the problems above, a multipath routing algorithm based on traffic prediction (MRATP) is proposed in WMNs. MRATP consists of three modules including an algo-rithm on multipath routing built, a congestion discovery mechanism based on wavelet-neural network and a load balancing algorithm via multipath. Simulation results show that MRATP has some characteristics, such as better scalability, flexibility and robustness. Compared with the current algorithms, MRATP has higher success ratio, lower end to end delay and overhead. So MRATP can guarantee the end to end QoS of WMNs.

Keywords

Wireless Mesh Networks, Non-Linear Traffic Prediction Model, Multipath Routing, QoS

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	I. F. Akyildiz, X. D. Wang, and W. L. Wang, “Wireless mesh networks: A survey,” Computer Networks [J], Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 445–487, 2005.
[2]	IEEE 802.11 Standard Group, IEEE 802.11 [EB/OL], 2007, http://www.ieee802.org/11/.
[3]	IEEE 802.15 Standard Group, IEEE 802.15 [EB/OL], 2007, http://www.ieee802.org/15/.
[4]	IEEE 802.16 Standard Group, IEEE 802.16 [EB/OL], 2007, http://www.ieee802.org/16/.
[5]	M. S. Artigas, P. G. Lopez, and A. F. G. Skarmeta, “A novel methodology for constructing secure multipath overlays,” Internet Computing, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 50–57, 2005.
[6]	S. J. Lee and M. Gerla, “Split multipath routing with maximally disjoint paths in Ad?hoc networks,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications, Helsinki, Finland, Piscataway, IEEE, NJ, USA, pp. 3201–3205, June 11–14, 2001.
[7]	J. C. Park and S. K. Kasera, “Expected data rate: An accurate high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing [C],” Second Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, SECON, pp. 218–228, 2005.
[8]	S. Speicher and C. H. Cap, “Fast layer 3 handoffs in AODV-based IEEE 802.11 wireless mesh networks [C],” 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, ISWCS’06, pp. 233–237, 2006.
[9]	C. E. Koksal and H. Balakrishnan, “Quality-aware routing metrics for time-varying wireless mesh networks [J],” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 24, No. 11, pp. 1984–1994, 2006.
[10]	Z. Xu, C. Huang, and Y. Cheng, “Interference-Aware QoS Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks[C]. In the 4th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, (MSN 2008), pp. 95–98, 2008.
[11]	N. Mastronarde, Y. Andreopoulos, M. van der Schaar, D. Krishnaswamy, and J. Vicente, “Cross-layer video streaming over 802.11e-enabled wireless mesh networks [C],” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2006, No. 5, pp. 14–19, 2006.
[12]	Y. Sun, H. D. Ma, and L. Liu, “An ant-colony optimiz-ation based service aware routing algorithm for multimedia sensor networks [J],” Acta Electronica Sinica, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 705–711, 2007.
[13]	K. Yang, Y. M. Wu, and H. H. Chen, “QoS-aware routing in emerging heterogeneous wireless networks [J],” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 74– 80, 2007.
[14]	L. Badia, M. Miozzo, M. Rossi, and M. Zorzi, “Routing schemes in heterogeneous wireless networks based on access advertisement and backward utilities for QoS support [J],” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 67–73, 2007.
[15]	P. Daru and X. Bingbing, “An ant routing algorithm for wireless mesh network [C],” In the 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, (WCICA 2008), pp. 4595–4599, 2008.
[16]	R. Bo, Q. Yi, L. Kejie, and R. Q. Hu, “Enhanced QoS multicast routing in wireless mesh networks [J],” Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 2119–2130, 2008.
[17]	L. P. Wang and X. J. Fu, “Data mining with computational intelligence,” Springer, Berlin, 2005.
[18]	L. P. Wang, K. K. Teo, and Z. H. Lin, “Predicting time series with wavelet packet neural networks,” Proceedings of IJCNN 2001, pp. 1593–1597, 2001.
[19]	J. C. Lu, Z. H. Gu, and H. Q. Wang, “Research on the application of the wavelet neural network model in peak load forecasting considering of the climate factors,” Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, IEEE, Guangzhou, China, August 2005.
[20]	N. M. Pindoriya, S. N. Singh, and S. K. Singh, “An adaptive wavelet neural network-based energy price forecasting in electricity markets,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 23, pp. 1423–1432, 2008.
[21]	J. C. Knight, E. A. Strunk, and K. J. Sullivan, “Towards a rigorous definition of information system survivability,” Proceedings of the DARPA information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX’03), Washington, D.C., IEEE Computer Society, USA, Vol. l, pp. 78–89, April 22–24, 2003.
[22]	Network simulator ns-2 [EB/OL, http://www.isi.edu/n- snam/ns/.