RETRACTED: Tuberculosis and Cysticercosis in Brazil: A Review

Ludmilla Santana Soares e Barros^*, Jana Kelly dos Santos, Maurício Mascarenhas Pedreira, Sanmily Santos Damacena, Adriana dos Santos Silva

Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Brazil.

DOI: 10.4236/fns.2018.96049                

Abstract

Short Retraction Notice

The paper is withdrawn because of the conflicts of interest of the authors.

This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused.

Editor guiding this retraction: Prof. Alessandra Bordoni (EiC of FNS)

The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked "RETRACTED".

Keywords

Cysticercosis, Health, Tuberculosis, Medicine, Zoonosis

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Ibanês, A. and Carneiro Junior, N. (2013) International and National Overview of Directly Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) in Tuberculosis Control Policies. Arquivo Brasileiro de Ciências da Saúde, 38, 25-32.
[2]	Rothschild, B.M., Martin, L.D., Lev, L., Bercovier, H., Bar-Gal, G.K., Greenblatt, C., Donoghue, H., Spigelman, H. and Brittain, D. (2001) Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex DNA from an Extinct Bison Dated 17,000 Years before the Present. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 33, 305-311. https://doi.org/10.1086/321886
[3]	Jesus, J.V.F. (2013) Sanitary Slaughter of Bovine Tuberculosis: An Overview (2011-2012). Master’s Dissertation in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal.
[4]	Sheppard, D.S. (2001) Brazilian Medical History on the White Plague: 1870-1940. História, Ciências, Saúde—Manguinhos, 8, 172-192.
[5]	Borges, M., Cafrune, P.I., Possuelo, L.G., Valim, A.R.M., Ribeiro, M.O. and Rossetti, M.L.R. (2004) Molecular Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains from an Ambulatory Health Clinic in Porto Alegre (RS). Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 30, 448-454. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37132004000400010
[6]	Maciel, M.S., Mendes, P.D., Gomes, A.P. and Siqueira-Batista, R. (2012) The History of Tuberculosis in Brazil: The Many Shades (of Gray) of Poverty. Revista Brasileira de Clinica Médica, 10, 226-230.
[7]	Daniel, T.M. (2006) The History of Tuberculosis. Respiratory Medicine, 100, 1862-1870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.08.006
[8]	Ferreira Neto, J.S. and Bernardi, F. (1997) Control of Bovine Tuberculosis. Higiene Alimentar, 11, 9-13.
[9]	Napoli, E.R.A. (2011) Epidemiological Profile of Urogenital Tuberculosis in the Federal District, Brazil, during Nine Years (2001-2009). Master’s Dissertation in Gynecologya, Obstetrcis and Mastology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista.
[10]	Gradmann, C. (2001) Robert Koch and the Pressures of Scientific Research: Tuberculosis and Tuberculin. Medical History, 45, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300000028
[11]	Alzamora Filho, F. (2014) Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Cattle Carcasses in the State of Bahia, by Bacteriological and Molecular Methods. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 66, 1585-1591. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6640
[12]	Antunes, J.L.F., Waldman, E.A. and Moraes, M.A. (2000) Tuberculosis through the Century: Canonical Icons and Combat Signs against the Disease. História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, 2, 367-379.
[13]	Ribeiro, B.I., Silva, P.L.M., Mesquita, M.P.F., Souza, V.R., Marcos, B.J. and Clara, C.I.C. (2013) Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Tuberculosis in Northeastern Brazil. Epidemiologia e Serviços da Saúde, 22, 687-695.
[14]	Pollock, J.M. and Neill, S.D. (2002) Mycobacterium bovis Infection and Tuberculosis in Cattle. Veterinary Journal, 163, 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1053/tvjl.2001.0655
[15]	Almeida, R.F.C., Madruga, C.R., Soares, C.O., Fernandes, M.C., Carvalho, N.M., Jorge, K.S.G. and Osório, A.L.A.R. (2006) Specific Immune Response of Bovines Experimentally Sensitized with Inactivated Inoculums of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 26, 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2006000400002
[16]	Garcia-Saenz, A., Nap, S., Lopez, S., Casal, J. and Allepuz, A. (2015) Estimation of the Individual Slaughterhouse Surveillance Sensitivity for Bovine Tuberculosis in Catalonia (North-Eastern Spain). Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 121, 332-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.08.008
[17]	Brasil (2006) National Program for the Control of Tuberculosis (PNCT)—Strategy for the Control of Tuberculosis 2007-2015. In: Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saúde, Departamento de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Brasília, 13.
[18]	Garcia-Saenz, A., Nap, S., Lopez, S. and Casal, J. (2006) Bottlenecks and Broomsticks: The Molecular Evolution of Mycobacterium bovis. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 4, 670-681. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1472
[19]	Um Aranaz, Primos, D., Mateos, A. and Dominguez, L. (2003) Elevation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis subsp. caprae. Aranaz et al. 1999 to Species Rank as Mycobacterium caprae comb. nov., sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 53, 1785-1789. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02532-0
[20]	Brosch, R., Gordon, S.V., Marmiesse, M., Brodin, P., Buchrieser, C., Eiglmeier, K., Garnier, T., Gutierrez, C., Hewinson, G., Kremer, K., Parsons, L.M., Pym, A.S., Samper, S., Van Soolingen, D. and Cole, S.T. (2002) A New Evolutionary Scenario for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 99, 3684-3689. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.052548299
[21]	Verma, A.K., Ruchi, T., Neha, C.S., Saminathan, M., Dhama, K. and Singh, S.V. (2014) Insights into Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB), Various Approaches for Its Diagnosis, Control and Its Public Health Concerns: An Update. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9, 323-344. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2014.323.344
[22]	Jemal, A.M. (2016) Review on Zoonotic Importance of Bovine Tuberculosis and Its Control. Open Access Library Journal, 3, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1102504
[23]	Abrahão, R.M.C.M. (1999) Human Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacterium bovis: General Considerations and the Importance of Animal Reservoirs. Archives of Veterinary Science, 4, 5-15.
[24]	Herrera-León, L., Pozuelo-Díaz, R., Molina Moreno, T., Valverde Cobacho, A., Saiz Vega, P. and Jiménez Pajares, M.S. (2009) Differentiation of Species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex by Molecular Techniques. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 27, 496-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2009.01.008
[25]	Jorge, K.S.G. (2010) Identification of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle and Its Importance in the Occurrence of Zoonotic Tuberculosis. Doctoral Thesis in Health and Development in the Central-Western Region, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande.
[26]	Corner, L.A. (1994) Post-Mortem Diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle. Veterinary Microbiology, 40, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(94)90046-9
[27]	Neill, S.D., Bryson, D.G. and Pollock, J.M. (2001) Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis in Cattle. Tuberculosis, 81, 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1054/tube.2000.0279
[28]	Salazar, F.H.P. (2005) Occurrence of Tuberculosis by Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle Slaughtered in Abattoirs in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Master’s Dissertation in Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande.
[29]	França, L.R., Cruz, J.F., Neves, V.B.F. and Cerqueira, R.B. (2013) Prevalence and Histopathology of Lesions Suggesting Tuberculosis in Bovine Carcasses in South-Western Bahia. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 14, 721-733. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-99402013000400016
[30]	Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Blood, D.C. and Hinchcliff, K.W. (2002) Diseases Caused by Bacteria IV. In: Clínica Veterinária: Tratado de Doenças dos Bovinos, Ovinos, Suínos, Caprinos e Equinos, 9th Edition, Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, 817-824.
[31]	Morris, R.S., Pfeifeer, D.U. and Jackson, R. (1994) The Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis Infection. Veterinary Microbiology, 40, 153-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(94)90053-1
[32]	Perez, A.M., Ward, M.P., Torres, P. and Ritacco, V. (2002) Use of Spatial Statistics and Monitoring Data to Identify Clustering of Bovine Tuberculosis in Argentina. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 56, 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(02)00124-1
[33]	Skuce, R.A., Allen, A.R. and Mcdowell, W.J. (2012) Herd-Level Risk Factors for Bovine Tuberculosis: A Literature Review. Veterinay Medicine International, 2012, e621210.
[34]	Silva, E.G., Vieira, J.D.S., Cavalcante, A.L., Santos, L.G.M.L., Rodrigues, A.P.R.A. and Cavalcante, T.C.S. (2015) Epidemiological Profile of Tuberculosis in the State of Alagoas between 2007 and 2012. Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, 3, 31-46.
[35]	Tiveron, D.V. (2014) Post-Mortem Inspection of Cattle: Occurrence of Sanitary Alterations in Slaughter and Retrospective Insight with Regard to the Globalized Market. Master’s Dissertation in Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal.
[36]	Grisi Filho, J.H.H., Rosales, C.A.R., Ferreira, F., Amaku, M.M., Dias, R.A. and Ferreira Neto, J.S. (2011) Epidemiological Analysis of Discarded Cattle Due to Tuberculosis in Abattoirs of the State of São Paulo. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 78, 175-181.
[37]	Menzies, F.D. and Neill, S.D. (2000) Cattle-to-Cattle Transmission of Bovine Tuberculosis. The Veterinary Journal, 160, 92-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-0233(00)90482-9
[38]	Lavagnoli, M.R., Amorim, B.M., Machado, G.P., Demoner, L.C., Zanini, M.S. and Antunes, J.M.A.P. (2010) Bovine Tuberculosis in the State of Espirito Santo. Veterinária e Zootecnia, 17, 71-78.
[39]	Souza, M.A., Bombonato, N.G., Soares, P.M., Ramos, G.B., Santos, M.P., Ganda, M.R. and Lima-Ribeiro, A.M.C. (2014) Frequency of Macroscopic Lesions in Bovine Carcasses Reagents to Tuberculine Tests. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 81, 363-367. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000402013
[40]	Domingo, M., Vidal, E. and Marco, A. (2014) Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis. Research in Veterinary Science, 97, S20-S29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.03.017
[41]	Brasil (2006) Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Animal Tuberculosis, 190.
[42]	Carvalho, R.C.T., et al. (2015) Evaluation of the Efficiency of Nested q-PCR in the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Directly from Tuberculosis-Suspected Lesions in Post-Mortem Macroscopic Inspections of Bovine Carcasses Slaughtered in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Meat Science, 106, 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.017
[43]	Machado, V.D. (2008) Tuberculose Bovina. Master’s Dissertation in Veterinary Medicine, Especialização Lato Sensu em Vigilancia em Saúde e Defesa Sanitária Animal, Campo Grande.
[44]	Furlanetto, L.V., Figueiredo, E.E.S., Conte Júnior, C.A., Silva, F.G.S., Duarte, R.S., Silva, J.T., Lilenbaum, W. and Paschoalin, V.M.F. (2012) Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis in Animals and Herds Slaughtered in 2009 in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 64, 274-280. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352012000200004
[45]	Garnier, T., et al. (2003) The Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium bovis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 100, 7811-7882. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1130426100
[46]	Leonardi, S.M. (2013) Occurrence of Tuberculosis in Municipal Abattoirs in the Western Frontier Region. Monograph in Production, Technology and Hygiene of Animal-Derived Products, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
[47]	Silva, D.A.V., Bürger, K.P., Martins, A.M.C.V. and Providello, A. (2014) Identification of Macroscopic Lesions Suggesting Bovine Tuberculosis. Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal, 8, 149-160. https://doi.org/10.5935/1981-2965.20140026
[48]	Brasil (2017) Rules on Industrial and Sanitary Inspection of Animal-Derived Products. Ministério da Agricultura, da Pecuária e do Abastecimento: Secretaria Nacional de Defesa Agropecuária, Brasília, 154 p. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2015-2018/2017/Decreto/D9013.htm
[49]	França, L.R., Lima, D.S., Carvalho, F.R.B., Pinto, M.S., Castro, P.N.M.P., Santos, é.S.V. and Cerqueira, R.B. (2016) Diagnosis by Histopathological and Ziehl-Neelsen Techniques of Bovine Tuberculosis in Discarded Carcasses in an Abattoir in the State of Bahia. Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas, 15, 52-55. https://doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v15i1.12040
[50]	Cretella, R.V., Martins, R.L.G. and Pinheiro Junior, O.A. (2006) Occurrence and Disposal of Bovine Carcasses with Tuberculosis in the Central-Western Region of the State of São Paulo between July and December 2004. Revista Científica Eletrônica de Medicina Veterinária, 3, 1-4.
[51]	Silva, C.S., Almeida, M.S., Santos, A. and Miranda, R.C.M. (2016) Frequency of Positive Tuberculosis Cases in Tobias Barreto-SE between 2010-2015. Interfaces Científicas—Saúde e Ambiente, 4, 9-34. https://doi.org/10.17564/2316-3798.2016v4n2p29-34
[52]	WHO (2014) Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[53]	Yamamura, M., Zanoti, M.D.U., Arcêncio, R.A., Protti, S.T. and Figueiredo, R.M. (2015) Mortality by Tuberculosis in the Interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, (2006-2008). Ciência, Cuidado e Saúde, 14, 1259-1265. https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v14i3.22850
[54]	Brasil (2014) Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saúde. Boletim Epidemiológico. Control of Tuberculosis in Brazil: Progress, Innovation and Challenges. MS, Brasília, Vol. 44, 13 p.
[55]	Oliveira, G.P., Pinheiro, R.S., Coeli, C.M., Barreira, D. and Codenotti, S.B. (2012) The Use of the Information System on Mortality to Identify Under-Notifications of Tuberculosis cases in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 15, 468-477. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2012000300003
[56]	Lopes Filho, P.R. (2010) Epidemiological Profile of Bovine Tuberculosis in the National Agriculture and Cattle-Breeding of Minas Gerais, 2004-2008. Master’s Dissertation in Animal Science, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte.
[57]	Brasil (2014) Overview of Tuberculosis in Brazil: Epidemiological and Operational Indexes. In: Ministério da Saúde: Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saúde, Departamento de Vigilancia das Doenças Transmissíveis, Brasília, 92f.
[58]	Hlavsa, M.C., Moonan, P.K., Cowan, L.S., Navin, T.R., Kammerer, J.S., Morlock, G.P., Crawford, J.T. and Lobue, P.A. (2008) Human Tuberculosis Due to Mycobacterium bovis in the United States, 1995-2005. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 47, 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1086/589240
[59]	Müller, B., Dürr, S., Alonso, S., Hattendorf, J., Laisse, C.J.M., Parsons, S., van Helden, P.D. and Zinsstag, J. (2013) Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis-Induced Tuberculosis in Humans. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19, 899-908. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1906.120543
[60]	Abrahão, R.M.C.M., Nogueira, P.A. and Malucelli, M.I.C. (2005) Clandestine Trade in Beef and Milk in Brazil and the Risk in Transmission of Bovine Tuberculosis and Other Diseases to Humans: A Public Health Issue. Archives of Veterinary Science, 10, 1-17.
[61]	Dias, I.C.L. (2012) Prevention of Occupational Diseases in Cattle Abattoirs. Vivências, 8, 89-98.
[62]	Brasil (2002) Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Políticas de Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. In: Technical Handbook for the Control of Tuberculosis: Basic Care, 6th Edition, rev. e ampl. Brasília, 5-57.
[63]	Cçrtes, J.á. (2000) Human Taeniasis Complex—Bovine and Swine Cysticercosis. Continuous Education Journal CRMV-SP, 3, 55-61.
[64]	Pinheiro, E.G. (2012) Occurrence of Bovine Cysticercosis in Abattoirs in the State of Paraná. Master’s Dissertation in Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu.
[65]	Pawlowski, Z. and Schultz, M.G. (1972) Taeniasis and cysticercosis (Taenia saginata). Advances in Parasitology, 10, 269-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(08)60176-1
[66]	Aragão, S.C., Biondi, G.F., Lima, L.G.F. and Nunes, C.M. (2010) Animal Cysticercosis in Indigenous Brazilian Villages. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 19, 132-134. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612010000200014
[67]	Cipriano, R.C., Faria, P.B., Guimarães, G.C. and Debora, R.M. (2015) Prevalence of Bovine Cysticercosis in Abattoirs with State Sanitary Inspection in the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária, 22, 54-57. https://doi.org/10.4322/rbcv.2015.320
[68]	Fahmy, H.A., Khalifa, N.O., EL-Madawy, R.S., Afify, J.S.A., Aly, N.S.M. and Kandil, O.M. (2015) Prevalence of Bovine Cysticercosis and Taenia saginata in Man. Global Veterinaria, 15, 372-380.
[69]	Garro, F.L., Santos, T.M., Assis, D.C.S., Heneine, L.G.D., Ornellas, C.B.D., Pinto, P.S.A. and Santos, W.L.M. (2015) Diagnosis of Bovine Taeniasis-Cysticercosis Complex in São João Evangelista, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 67, 1063-1069. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8196
[70]	Santos, J.M.G. and Barros, M.C.R.B. (2009) Cysticercus bovis and Cysticercus cellulosae: Relevant Endoparasites in the Beef Trade. Revista em Agronegócios e Meio Ambiente, 2, 21-39.
[71]	Rossi, G.A.M., Grisolio, A.P.R., Prata, L.F., Buerger, K.P. and Hoppe, E.G.L. (2014) Conditions of Bovine Cysticercosis in Brazil. Ciências Agrárias, 35, 927-938. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n2p927
[72]	Bürger, K.P., Buzza, P.L.T., Buzza, N.E., Santos, L.R., Gabriel, A.M.R. and Martins, A.M.C.V. (2015) Taeniasis-Cysticercosis Complex: Occurrence in Bovine Abattoirs and High School Students’ and Consumers’ Information in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária, 22, 23-27. https://doi.org/10.4322/rbcv.2015.314
[73]	Dugassa, H. and Gabriel, S. (2015) Diagnosis of Bovine Cysticercosis in Cattle by Milk ELISA. Global Veterinária, 14, 853-866.
[74]	Pereira, M.A.V., Schwanz, V.S. and Barbosa, C.G. (2006) Prevalence of Cysticercosis in Bovine Carcasses in Abattoirs in the State of Rio de Janeiro, under Federal Sanitary Inspection. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 73, 83-87.
[75]	Bavia, M.E., Carneiro, D.D.M.T., Cardim, L.L., Silva, M.M.N. and Martins, M.S. (2012) Space Screening Statistics in the Detection of Risk Areas for Bovine Cysticercosis in the State of Bahia. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 64, 1200-1208. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352012000500018
[76]	Ferreira, M.M., Revoredo, T.B., Ragazzi, J.P., Soares, V.E., Ferraldo, A.S., Mendonãa, R.P. and Lopes, W.D.Z. (2014) Prevalence, Spatial Distribution and Risk Factors with Regard to Bovine Cysticercosis in the State of São Paulo. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 34, 1181-1185. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2014001200006
[77]	Luz, P.A.C., Soutello, R.V.G., Andrighetto, C., Silva, P.K.A., Vera, J.H.S., Santana, A.T. and Peres, K.C. (2013) Characteristics of Bovine Cysticercosis and Its Prevalence in Brazil. Revista Acadêmica: Ciências Agrárias, e Ambientais, 11, 197-203. https://doi.org/10.7213/academica.011.002.AO11
[78]	Silva, D.R. and Albuquerque, G.R. (2010) Cysticercosis in Cattle Slaughtered under State Inspection in Vitoria da Conquista BA. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 32, 225-228.
[79]	Gonzalez, C.S.A., Rodríguez, C.J.L., López, V.G., Bermúdez, H.R.M., Hernández, R.E.S. and Monge, N.F.J. (2015) Prevalence of Taenia saginata Larvae (Cysticercus bovis) in Feedlot Cattle Slaughtered in a Federal Inspection Type Abattoir in Northwest México. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 12, 462-465. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2014.1899
[80]	Scandrett, B., Parker, S., Forbes, G., Gajadhar, U., Dekumyoy, P., Waikagul, J. and Haines, D. (2009) Distribuition of Taenia saginata Cysticerci in Tissues of Experimentally Infected Cattle. Veterinary Parasitology, 164, 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.015
[81]	Giovannini, C.I., Carvalho, T.S., Cabral, J.F., Brasil, R.B. and Santos, P.A. (2014) Economic and Epidemiological Aspects of Bovine Cysticercosis—A Review of the Literature. Interdisciplinar: Revista Eletrônica da UNIVAR, 2, 6-12.
[82]	Picchi, V. (2015) Capítulo 14—Teníase. In: History, Science and Technology of Cattle Meat, Paco Editorial, Jundiaí, 360-362.
[83]	IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2015) Production of Municipal Cattle. Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 43, 1-49. http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/84/ppm_2015_v43_br.pdf
[84]	Souza, V.K., Pessôa-Silva, M.C., Kowalczuk, M. and Thomaz-Soccol, V. (2007) Anatomical Regions with the Greatest Occurrence of Cysticercus bovis in Cattle Submitted to Federal Inspection in an Abattoir in São José dos Pinhais, between July and December 2000. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 16, 92-96.
[85]	Fukuda, R.T., Prata, L.F., Verardino, H. and Almeida, L.A.M. (2003) Evolution of Bovine Cysticercosis in Animals Slaughtered in the State of São Paulo. Revista Higiene Alimentar, 17, 21-31.
[86]	Fernandes, J.O.M. and Buzetti, W.A.S. (2001) Prevalence of Bovine Cysticercosis in Animals Slaughtered in Federal Inspected Abattoirs in the Ninth Administrative Region of Araçatuba SP. Revista Higiene Alimentar, 15, 30-37.
[87]	Manhoso, F.F.R. and Prata, L.F. (2004) Prevalence of Bovine Cysticercosis in the Western Region of the State of São Paulo. Revista Higiene Alimentar, 18, 42-49.
[88]	Rezende-Lago, N.C.M., Reis, L.S. and Marchi, P.G.F. (2011) Epidemiological Survey of Cysticercosis and Tuberculosis in Bovines Slaughtered under Federal Inspection in Sertãozinho SP. Revista Higiene Alimentar, 25, 175-181.
[89]	Costa, R.F.R. (2003) Research on Cysticercosis and the Characterization of Inflammatory Reactions in the Hearts of Cattle Commercialized in Nova Friburgo RJ, Inspected by Technicians from Santos (1976) and Partitioning. Dissertação (Master’s Degree in Veterinary Hygiene and Technological Processing of Animal-Derived Products), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói.
[90]	Guimarães-Peixoto, Rafaella, P.M., Souza, V.K., Pinto, P.S.A. and Santos, T.O. (2012) Distribution and Identification of Risk Areas for Bovine Cysticercosis in the State of Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 32, 975-979. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2012001000004
[91]	Valle, E.R. (2011) Guidelines: Brazilian Gap: Good Agricultural and Cattle Breeding Practices. 2nd Edition, Embrapa, Campo Grande.
[92]	Strutz, D., Penachioni, R.D., Oliveira, J.A., Santos, R. and Castro, B.G. (2015) Review on the Occurrence of Bovine Cysticercosis in an Abattoir in Sinop MT Brazil, between 2009 and 2014. Revista de Patologia Tropical, 44, 295-302.