Black Hole in Binary System is the Source of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts and Their Counterparts

A. V. Kuznetsov

.

DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2011.27082                

Abstract

Discovery of GRB clusters allows us to determine coordinates and characteristics of their sources. The objects radiating GRBs are reliably identified with black hole binaries, including the Galactic binaries. One of the unusual GRB properties, which are determined by black hole, is revealed in that the measured arrival direction of GRB does not coincide with the real location of its source. Just this fact allows us to find the objects radiating GRBs. On the basis of the general relativity theory's effects, observed in the GRB clusters, the technique of the black hole masses measurement is developed. The calculated black hole masses for the majority of known Galactic BH binaries are presented. It is briefly shown how the incorrect interpretations of observational facts result in an erroneous idea of the GRB cosmological origin. In fact, two problems are solved in the paper: the GRB origin and the reality of BH existence.

Keywords

Accretion Disks, Binaries, Black Hole Physics, Gamma-Rays Bursts, Relativity

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	R. W. Klebesadel, I. B. Strong and R. A. Olson, Observation of Gamma-Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 82, 1973, pp. L85-L88.
[2]	M. S. Briggs, et al. “BATSE Observations of the Large-Scale Isotropy of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 459, 1996, pp. 40-63.
[3]	J. van Paradijs, et al. “Transient Optical Emission from the Error Box of the ?-Ray Burst of 28 February 1997,” Nature, Vol. 386, 1997, pp. 686-689.
[4]	E. F. Costa, et al. “Discovery of an X-Ray Afterglow Associated with the ?-Ray Burst of 28 February1997,” Nature, Vol. 387, 1997, pp.783-785.
[5]	D. Frail and S. Kulkarni, IAU Circ. 6662, 1997.
[6]	M. Metzger, et al. “Spectral Constraints on the Redshift of the Optical Counterpart to the γ-Ray Burst of 8 May 1997,” Nature, Vol. 387, 1997, pp. 878-880.
[7]	S. G. Djorgovski, et al. “The Optical Counterpart to the γ-Ray Burst GRB970508,” Nature, Vol. 387, 1997, pp. 876-878.
[8]	E. Pain, et al. “Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Optical Transient Associated with GRB 970508,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 492, 1998, pp. L103-L106.
[9]	D. L. Band and D.H. Hartmann, “A Statistical Treatment of the Gamma-Ray Burst ``No Host Galaxy'' Problem. I. Methodology,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 493, 1998, pp. 555-562.
[10]	C. A Meegan, et al. “Do Gamma-Ray Burst Sources Repeat?” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 446, 1995, L15-L18.
[11]	M. Tegmark, et al. “The Angular Power Spectrum of BATSE 3B Gamma-Ray Bursts,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 468, 1996, pp. 214-224.
[12]	A. V. Kuznetsov, “Clusters of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Manifestation of the Local Sources,” AIP Conf. Proc. 384, 1995, pp. 451-454.
[13]	A. V. Kuznetsov, “Small-Scale Anisotropy of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts,” Moscow Physical Society J, Vol. 7, 1997, 49-54.
[14]	A. V. Kuznetsov, “Cluster of Gamma-Ray Bursts – Image of a Source. Catalog of Clusters (Sources) of Gamma-Ray Bursts,” arXiv: astro-ph/0111014, 2001.
[15]	W. S. Paciesas, et al. 2000, http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/cgro/ batse/ BATSE_Ctlg/index.html
[16]	D. A. Smith, et al. “Localizations of Thirteen Gamma-Ray Bursts by the All-Sky Monitor on RXTE,” arXiv: astro-ph// 9907332, 1999.
[17]	N. E. White and van J. Paradijs, “The Galactic Distribution of Black Hole Candidates in Low Mass X-Ray Binary Systems,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 473, 1996, pp.L25-L29.
[18]	D. J. Macomb and N. A. Gehrels, “A General Gamma-Ray Source Catalog,” Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 120, 1999, pp.335-397.
[19]	W. Chen, C.R. Shrader and M. Livio, “The Properties of X-Ray and Optical Light Curves of X-Ray Novae,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 491, 1997, pp. 312-338.
[20]	W. S. Paciesas, et al. IAU Circ. 5580, 1992.
[21]	A. R. King, U. Kolb and L. Burderi, “Black Hole Binaries and X-Ray Transients,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 464, 1996, L127- L130.
[22]	J. van Paradijs, “On the Accretion Instability in Soft X-Ray Transients,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 464, 1996, L139-L141.
[23]	F. van der Hooft, et al. “Hard X-Ray Variability of the Black Hole Candidate GRO J0422+32 during Its 1992 Outburst,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 513, 1999, 477-490.
[24]	C. R. Shrader, et al. “The Early Ultraviolet, Optical, and Radio Evolution of the Soft X-Ray Transient GRO J0422+32,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 434, 1994, pp. 698-706.
[25]	P. J. Callanan, et al. “Observations of the X-Ray Nova GRO J0422+32. 1: Outburst and the Decay to Quiescence,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 441,1995, pp.786-799.
[26]	V. P. Goranskij, et al. “Study of X-Ray Nova V518 Per (GRO J0422+32) at Optical Wavelengths,” Astronomy Letters, Vol. 22, 1996, pp.371-384.
[27]	R. van Dijk, et al. “The Black-Hole Candidate GRO J0422+32: MeV Emission Measured with COMPTEL,” Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 296, 1995, L33-L36.
[28]	M. Schmidt, “The GUSBAD Catalog of Gamma-Ray Bursts,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 616, 2004, 1072-1077.
[29]	P. A. Mason, B. J. McNamara and T. E. Harrison, “High Energy Transient Events from Cygnus X-1: Evidence for a Source of Galactic Gamma-Ray Bursts,”Astronomical Journal, Vol. 114, 1997, pp. 238-243.
[30]	A. M. Cherepashchuk,”The Search for Black Holes,” Soviet Physics - Uspekhi, Vol. 173, № 4, 2003, pp. 345-384.
[31]	R. M, Wagner, et al. “The Halo Black Hole X-Ray Transient XTE J1118+480,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 556, 2001, pp. 42-46.
[32]	Q. Z. Liu, J. van Paradijs, and E. P. J. van den Heuvel, “Catalogue of High-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Galaxy (4th edition),” Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 455, 2006, pp.1165-1168.
[33]	I.G. Dymnikova, “Motion of particles and photons in the gravitational field of a rotating body,” Soviet Physics - Uspekhi, Vol. 29, 1986, pp. 215-237.
[34]	Ju. S. Vladimirov, N.V. Mitskevich, & Ja.Horski, “Space, Time, Gravitation” Nauka, Moscow, 1984, p. 8.
[35]	V. B. Braginskii and A. G. Polnarev,”Surprising Gravitation”, Nauka, Moscow, 1985, p. 94.
[36]	[36] N. V. Mitskevich, “Gravitation and Rotation,” supplement to M. G. Bowler “Gravitation and relativity,” Mir, Moscow, 1979, p. 206.
[37]	A. V. Filipenko, et al. “The Mass of the Probable Black Hole in the X-Ray Nova GRO J0422+32,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 455, 1995, pp. 614-622.
[38]	J. A. Orosz. “Inventory of Black Hole Binaries,” arXiv:astro-ph/0209041.
[39]	J. Greiner, J. G. Cuby and M. J. McCaughrean, “An Unusually Massive Stellar Black Hole in the Galaxy,” Nature, Vol. 414, 2001, pp. 522-525.
[40]	A. V. Kuznetsov, “United Classification of Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts and their Counterparts,” Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 314, 2008, pp. 311-318.
[41]	R. P. Feynman, F. B. Morinigo and W. G. Wagner, “Feynman Lectures on Gravitation”, Janus-K, Moscow, 2000, p. 129.
[42]	C. Akerlof, et al. “Observation of Contemporaneous Optical Radiation from a γ-Ray Burst,” Nature, Vol. 398, 1999, pp. L400-L402.
[43]	E.S. Rykoff, et al. “The Anomalous Early Afterglow of GRB 050801,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 638, 2006, L5-L8.
[44]	D. A. Kann, et al. “The Afterglows of Swift - Era Gamma-Ray Bursts. I. Comparing pre-Swift and Swift Era Long/Soft (Type II) GRB Optical Afterglows,” arXiv: astro-ph/0712.2186.
[45]	P. M. Vreeswijk, et al. GCN Circ.7444, 2008.
[46]	M. S. Briggs, et al. “Observation of GRB 990123 by the COMPTON Gamma-Ray Observatory,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 524, 1999, pp. 82-91.
[47]	S. R. Kulkarni, et al. “The Afterglow, Redshift and Extreme Energetics of the γ-Ray Burst of 23 January 1999,” Nature, Vol. 398, 1999, pp. 389-394.
[48]	S. Golenetskii, et al. GCN Circ.7482, 2008.
[49]	J. L. Racusin, et al. “Broadband observations of the Naked-Eye ?-Ray Burst GRB080319B,” Nature, Vol. 455, 2008, pp.183-188.
[50]	J. L. Racusin, et al. GCN Circ.7427, 2008.
[51]	E.P. Mazets and S.V. Golenetskii, 1982, In “Astrophysics and cosmic physics”, Nauka, Moscow, p. 247.
[52]	D. L. Band, “Gamma-Ray Burst Spectral Evolution through Cross-Correlations of Discriminator Light Curves,” Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 486, 1997, pp. 928-937.