1. Introduction
Cave dwelling spiders, as zoogeographic agents, are important for biospeleology [1] . The first study on cave dwelling spiders fauna of Turkey belongs to the French biospeleologist Fage [2] , who revised cave dwelling spiders and described Palliduphantes byzantinus (Linyphiidae) as a new species dwelling in Yarımburgaz cave in İstanbul.
The spider family Linyphiidae consists of 104 species in Turkey [3] of these species, eight species are known from the caves, our study teams started detailed taxonomic and faunistic studies on this family [4] -[6] . The genus Troglohyphantes was created in 1882 by Joseph as a cave spider from Carniola in western Slovenia. The members of this genus inhabited cave environment and neighbouring habitat and some species of them are true troglobites [7] [8] . Although this genus is represented by 129 species in Palearctic region [9] , there are only three species known from Turkey, Troglohyphantes gladius Wunderlich, 1995, Troglohyphantes pisidicus Brignoli, 1971, Troglohyphantes karolianus Topçu, Türkeş & Seyyar, 2008 [6] [10] [11] . In this study, we described a new species from Turkey.
2. Materials and Methods
The specimen was collected by hand from Buzluk cave in Bilecik province and preserved in 90% ethanol. All drawing were made by using SZX-16 Olympus stereomicroscope with a camera lucida, photographs of the distinguishing features were take by means of Olympus DP-25 stereocamera. All measurements are in millimetres and were taken with a millimetric ocular lens.
3. Results
Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n.
Material: ♂ (NUAM), Turkey: Bilecik province, Camiliyayla village, Başhöyük, Buzluk cave, 39˚48'N, 29˚46'E, 1470 m., 13.IX.2011, (leg. A. Topçu & O. Seyyar), 1 ♂ holotype, 3 ♀ paratype (Figures 1-4).
Diagnosis: Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. belongs to the polyophthalmus group (Fage’s group IV) (DeelemanReinhold, 1978) which has proximo-mesal part of cymbium consists of an upper and a lower protrusion,
Figure 1. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. general view of female.
Figure 2. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. general view of male.
Figure 3. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. Cymbium.
Figure 4. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. Cymbium.
apophysis or ridge, separated by a depression. Paracymbium with pocket (Figure 5). Radix with a distinct triangular sclerite on the ventral border, surface rough with hairs or papillae. Chelicera, including eliminating a large tooth, having three teeth (Figure 6).
Embolus with a dorsal bulge, bearing an apophysis, tip claw-like in most species. External branch of lamella clearly longer than internal branch, usually separated by an unscleroionzited zone (Figure 7, Figure 8). Epigyne with a well devoloped scape, the length and wide of median plaque almost equal, not much wider than long on longer than wide, lateral plates with posterior lobes. Fertilization ducts not sclerotized (Figure 9, Figure 10).
Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. similar to gamsi and kordunlikanus, but upper apophysis of the proximomesal and median part of cymbium protrusion (in lateral and dorsal aspect). Tip of embolus not claw, proximal of paracymbium indent to cymbium at the upper and middle part. Median apophysis more slope. The median part of epigyne exactly circle-shape and quite near to scape which part bent upward. In the vulvae, spermatecha bent to reverse of clock.
Etymology: The new species is named in honour of the country, Turkey.
Description: Holotype ♂, total length 3.00; cephalothorax 1.00 length, 1.20 wide, pale yellow, chelicera 1.10 length, 0.30 wide, yellow; sternum 0.85 length, 0.75 wide yellowish green, mandibula 0.45 length, 0.25 wide; opisthosoma 1.60 length, 1.10 wide pale brown, legs yellow.
Paratype ♀, total length 3.50; cephalothorax 1.50 length, 1.25 wide, pale yellow, chelicera 1.20 length, 0.35 wide, yellow; sternum 0.90 length, 0.75 wide yellowish green, mandibula 0.30 length, 0.25 wide; opisthosoma 2.25 length, 1.10 wide brown with median more light, legs yellow.
Spination of male legs; femur (3d, 1rl/4d, 1rl/2d, 2rl/3d); tibia (?/2rl, 7v/1d, 1rl, 5v/2d, 1rl, 5v); metatarsus (?/0/1d/1d/1rl).
Leg measurements of Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. is given (♂ and ♀) in Table 1.
Figure 5. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. paracymbium.
Figure 6. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. Chelicerae.
Figure 7. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. Radix + embolus.
Figure 8. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. Embolus.
Figure 9. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. epigyne of female.
Figure 10. Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n. vulvae of female.
As a result of the study a new species of Troglohyphantes Joseph 1881 is described from Turkey. Differences between the new species and related species are discussed. This species differs from other species by Upper apophysis of the proximo-mesal and median part of cymbium protrusion (in lateral and dorsal aspect) and epi
Table 1. Leg measurements in mm of the ♂ and ♀ from Troglohyphantes turcicus sp. n.
gyne with a well devoloped scape, not much wider than long on longer than wide, lateral plates with posterior lobes.
Acknowledgements
We are very grateful to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) for its financial support of this work (Project No. TBAK: 110T944).
Abbreviations
Leg measurements:
cx: coxa;
fm: femur;
pt: patella;
tb: tibia;
mt: metatarsus;
ta: tarsus.
Spination of male legs:
d: dorsal;
rl: retrolateral;
v: ventral.
Eye measurement:
pm: posterior median;
pl: posterior lateral;
am: anterior median.
NUAM: Arachnology Museum of the Niğde University.
NOTES
*Note: This study was presented as a poster at the 27th European Congress of Arachnology.
#Corresponding author.