Isolation of Total Saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaerth

Menghao Du, Sumei Huang, Jinping Zhang, Jingwen Wang, Lisong Hu, Jingmin Jiang

Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, CAF, Fuyang, China.

DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2014.41004                

Abstract

The study has been carried out to investigate the effects of single factors such as solvents extraction temperature, times, solid-liquid ration, and the time of extractions on the yields of saponins present in the pulp of Sapindus mukorossi Gaerth. On this basis, an L9 orthogonal design of experiment was adopted to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of saponins. The factors that influence the extraction of saponins are put in the order of extraction times, extraction time, solid-liquid ration, and the best combination is that the powder of the pulp is extracted with EtOH (solid-to-solvent ratio = 1:8, w/v) for three times at 60°C for 3 hours. Under these conditions, about 1.63 g saponins will be extracted from 10 g raw material. The stability test showed that the Sapindus mukuross saponins can maintain surface activity at water temperature (25°C - 40°C), pH (6.3 - 7.7) and water hardness (50 - 250 mg.L^-1). It is proved that Sapindus mukuross saponins are quality non-ionic active agent.

Keywords

Saponins; Sapindus mukorossi Gaerth; Orthogonal Design; Extraction

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Editorial Committee of the Flora of China of Chinese Academy of Science (1998) Flora of China. Beijing: Beijing Science Press.
[2]	Zhang, M. J., Liu, P. R., Zhao, J. Z., et al. (1993). Study on the comprehensive utilization of Sapindus mukorssi. Natural Product Research and Development, 5, 76-78.
[3]	Lin, Q. S. (1977). The chemical composition of Chinese herbal medicine. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House.
[4]	Hong, K. J., & Tokunaga, S. (2000), Extraction of heavy metals from MSW incinerator fly ash using saponins. Chemosphere, 41, 345-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00489-0
[5]	Ibrahim, M., Khan, A. A., Tiwari, S. K., et a1. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts against H. pylori: In vitro and in vivo studies. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14, 7136-7142.
[6]	Kuo, Y. H., Huang, H. C., Yang Kuo, L. M., et al. (2005). New dammarane-type saponins from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53, 4722-4727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf047963s
[7]	Ibrahim, M., Khaja, M. N., Aara, A., et al. (2008). Hepatoprotective activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts: In vitro and in vivo studies. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14, 2566-2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.2566
[8]	Yukiyoshi, T. (2001). The spermicidal affection of sapindus. Natural Medicines, 55, 563-568.
[9]	Yata, N., Sugihara, N., Yamajo, R., et al. (1986). Enchanced small intestinal absorption of β-lactam antibiotic in rats in the presence of monodesmosides isolated from pericarps of Sapindus mukorossi (Enmei-hi). Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics, 9, 211-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb1978.9.211
[10]	Huang, H. C., Tsai, W. J., Law, C. C., et al. (2007). Anti-platelet Aggregation Triterpene saponins from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 55, 1412-1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.55.1412
[11]	Huang, H. C., Wu, M. D., Tsai, W. J., et al. (2008). Triterpenoid saponins from the fruits and galls of Sapindus mukorossi. Phytochemistry, 69, 1609-1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.10.033
[12]	Rao, H. Z., & Sang, C. T. (2006). Microwave-assisted extraction technology of sapindus-saponin. Journal of Liaoning University of Petroleum & Chemical Technology, 26, 70-72.