Oxygen uptake, heart rate, and work rate at ventilatory threshold for treadmill walking against a horizontal impeding force

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the ventilatory threshold (VT) between treadmill walking against a horizontal impeding force (horizontal load walking) and a cycle ergometer exercise. Seven adult men volunteered to participate in this study. They performed horizontal load walking (velocity: 1.11 m/s) and a cycle ergometer exercise (pedaling frequency: 60 rpm), with loads imposed using a ramp slope technique. Oxygen uptake at the VT during horizontal load walking was greater than that during a cycle ergometer exercise (p < 0.05), whereas the opposite was noted for the work rate at VT (p < 0.05). The greater metabolic cost was because of the small output (work rate at VT) incurred during horizontal load walking. This suggested that the muscle mass recruited for exercise would be much greater for horizontal load walking than a cycle ergometer exercise because pedaling requires fewer muscles (lower extremities). In addition, a high reliability of VT during horizontal load walking was indicated from the correlation coefficient, standard error, and the confidence coefficient in two trials for the same subjects, which were 0.97, 0.097 L/min, and 0.96, respectively. These results suggest that horizontal load walking may be a modality for aerobic conditioning.

 

Share and Cite:

Azuma, A. (2013) Oxygen uptake, heart rate, and work rate at ventilatory threshold for treadmill walking against a horizontal impeding force. Health, 5, 1993-1996. doi: 10.4236/health.2013.512269.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] [1] Lloyd, B.B. and Zacks, R.M. (1972) The mechanical efficiency of treadmill running against a horizontal impeding force. Journal of Physiology, 223, 355-363.
[2] Asmussen, E. and Bonde-Petersen, F. (1974) Apparent efficiency and storage of elastic energy in human muscles during exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 92, 537-545.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05776.x
[3] Bijker, K.E., De Groot, G. and Hollander, A.P. (2001) Delta efficiencies of running and cycling. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1546-1551.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200109000-00019
[4] Cooke, C.B., McDonagh, M.J., Nevill, A.M. and Davies, C.T. (1991) Effects of loadon oxygen intake in trained boys and men during treadmill running. Journal of Applied Physiology, 71, 1237-1244.
[5] Azuma, A. and Yamamoto, H. (2001) Energy cost and mechanical efficiency of walking with the Japanese style wooden clogs. Japanese Journal of Biomechanics in Sports and Exercise, 5, 144-148.
[6] Swaine, I.L., Emmett, J., Murty, D., Dickinson, C. and Dudfield, M. (1995) Rating of perceived exertion and heart rate relative to ventilatory threshold in women. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 29, 57-60.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.29.1.57
[7] Bunc, V. and Leso, J. (1993) Ventilatory threshold and work efficiency during exercise on a cycle and rowing ergometer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11, 43-48.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640419308729962
[8] Hoffmann, J.J., Loy, S.F., Shapiro, B.I., Holland, G.J., Vincent, W.J., Shaw, S. and Thompson, D.L. (1993) Specificity effects of run versus cycle training on ventilatory threshold. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 67, 43-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377703
[9] Nemoto, I. and Miyashita, M. (1980) Aerobic and anaerobic threshold of Japanese male adults. Journal of Human Ergology, 9, 183-189.
[10] Davis, J.A., Whipp, B.J., Lamarra, N., Huntsman, D.J., Frank, M.H., Wasserman, K. (1982) Effect of ramp slope on determination of aerobic parameters from the ramp exercise test. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, l4, 339-343.
[11] Caiozzo, V.J., Davis, J.A., Ellis, J.F., Azus, J.L., Vandagriff, R., Prietto, C.A. and McMaster, W.C. (1982) A comparison of gas exchange indices used detect the anaerobic threshold. Journal of Applied Physiology, 53, 1184-1189.
[12] Astrand, P.-O. and Saltin, B. (1961) Maximal oxygen uptake and heart rate in various types of muscular activity. Journal of Applied Physiology, 16, 977-981.
[13] Stenberg, J., Astrand, P.-O. and Ekblom, B. (1967) Hemodynamic response to work with different muscle groups, sitting and supine. Journal of Applied Physiology, 22, 61-70.
[14] Reybrouk, T., Heigenhauser, G.H. and Faulkner, J.A. (1975) Limitations to maximum oxygen uptake in arm, leg, and combined try. Journal of Applied Physiology, 38, 774-779.
[15] Bergh, U., Kanstrup, I.L. and Ekblom, B. (1976) Maximal oxygen uptake during exercise with various combinations of leg and arm work. Journal of Applied Physiology, 41, 191-196.
[16] Davis, J.A., Frank, M.H., Whipp, B.J. and Wasserman, K. (1979) Anaerobic threshold alterations caused by endurance training in middle-aged men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 46, 1039-1046.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.