Evolution of Biochemical Effects of Byetta® in Type 2 Diabetics with Cardiovascular Risk

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine longitudinally the effects of exenatide on different physical and biochemical markers, evaluated in adult type 2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular risk. Data were recorded from 10 patients who attended the outpatient primary care health center Mariano Iago Yecla, Murcia province, Spain in the period of December 2009 to October 2011 and who were treated with Byetta®. Differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in HbA1c from the third month of treatment, and trends of decrease in body weight from the third week of treatment. There was a significant and better glycemic control. Overall effect was interpreted as a sensitizer drug of the parameters evaluated. Randomized studies are recommended with a minimum follow-up of 2 years, to see if the results are maintained over time.

Share and Cite:

A. López Ruiz, M. Gil, P. Alarcón, A. Torres, A. Cascales and M. Gil, "Evolution of Biochemical Effects of Byetta® in Type 2 Diabetics with Cardiovascular Risk," Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Vol. 4 No. 9, 2013, pp. 679-683. doi: 10.4236/pp.2013.49094.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] National Health Service (NHS), “Exenatide,” New Drug Evaluation, Vol. 84, 2007.
[2] Andalusian Center for Drug Information (CADIMA), “Exenatide (INN),” New Therapeutics, 2009, Sheet 2.
[3] F. Campoamor, “Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” Drug Evaluation Committee, Balearic Islands, 2008.
[4] F. Verzegnassi and M. Chinelle, “Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetes,” Lancet, Vol. 376, No. 9746, 2010, pp. 1052-1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61485-7
[5] A. Peters, “Incretin-Based Therapies: Review of Current Clinical Trial Data,” American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 123, No. 3, 2010, pp. S28-S37.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.12.007
[6] E. Wajcberg and A. Tavari, “Exenatide: Clinical Aspects of the First Incretin Mimetic for the Treatment, of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” Expert Opin Pharmacother, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2009, pp. 135-142.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14656560802611832
[7] J. B. Segal, S. M. Dy, E. A. Millman, R. Herbert, E. B. Bass and A. Wu, “Diffusion Into Use of Exenatide for Glucose Control in Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study of a New Therapy,” Therapies in Clinical, Vol. 29, No. 8, 2007, pp. 1784-1794.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.08.021
[8] J. Philippe, “Role and Indication of GLP-1 Analogues in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes,” Revue Médicale Suisse, Vol. 5, No. 206, 2009, pp. 1260-1262, 1264-1265.
[9] H. Reuter and E. Erdmann, “Exenatide—An Incretin-Mimetic Agent for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, Vol. 132, No. 11, 2007, pp. 571-574.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-970380
[10] D. M. Nathan, J. B. Buse, M. B. Davidson, R. J. Heine, R. R. Holman, R. Sherwin, et al., “Management of Hyperglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Algorithm for the Initiation and Adjustment of Therapy: A Consensus Statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes,” Diabetes Care, Vol. 29, No. 8, 2006, pp. 1963-1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc06-9912
[11] G. Schernthaner, A. H. Barnett, D. J. Betteridge, R. Carmena, A. Ceriello, B. Charbonnel, et al., “Is the ADA/EASD Algorithm for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes (January 2009) Based on Evidence or Opinion? A Critical Analysis,” Diabetologia, Vol. 53, No. 7, 2010, pp. 1258-1269.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-010-1702-3
[12] German Diabetes Association, S. Matthaei, R. Bierwirth, A. Fritsche, B. Gallwitz, H. U. Haring, et al., “Medical Treatment of Type Antihyperglycaemic 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Update of the Evidence-Based Guideline of the German Diabetes Association,” Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, Vol. 117, 2009, pp. 522-557.
[13] C. M. Apovian, R. M. Bergenstal, R. M. Cuddihy, Y. Qu, S. Lenox, M. S. Lewis, et al., “Effects of Exenatide Combined with Lifestyle Modification in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes,” American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 123, No. 5, 2010, pp. 468.e9-468.e17.
[14] G. I. Robles and D. Singh-Franco, “A Review of Exenatide as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes,” Journal of Drug Design, Development and Therapy, Vol. 3, 2009, pp. 219-240.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S3321
[15] A. Gill, B. J. Hoogwerf, J. Burger, S. Bruce, L. Macconell, P. Yan, et al., “Effect of Exenatide on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Pilot Study,” Cardiovascular Diabetology, Vol. 9, 2010, p. 6.
[16] T. J. Moretto, D. R. Milton, T. D. Ridge, L. A. Macconell, T. Okerson, A. M. Wolke, et al., “Efficacy and Tolerability of Exenatidemonotherapy over 24 Weeks in Antidiabetic Drug-Naive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study,” Clinical Therapeutics, Vol. 30, No. 8, 2008, pp. 1448-1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.08.006
[17] D. C. Klonoff, J. B. Buse, L. L. Nielsen, X. Guan, C. L. Bowlus, J. H. Holcombe, et al., “Exenatide Effects on Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular and Hepatic Biomarkers Risk Factors in Patients Treated with Type 2 Diabetes at Least for 3 Years,” Current Medical Research and Opinion, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2008, pp. 275-286.
[18] D. J. Drucker, J. B. Buse, K. Taylor, D. M. Kendall, M. Trautmann, D. Zhuang, DURATION-1 Study Group, et al., “Exenatide Twice Daily versus Weekly Eleven for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Open-Label, Non-Inferiority Study,” Lancet, Vol. 372, 2008, pp. 1240-1250.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61206-4
[19] T. Okerson, P. Yan, A. Stonehouse, R. Brodows and D. Bhole, “Improved Systolic Blood Pressure Exenatide Compared to Insulin or Placebo in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes,” Diabetologia, Vol. 51, 2008, p. S350.
[20] R. Bergenstal, T. Kim, P. Yan, T. Darsow, B. Walsh, T. Okerson, et al., “Eleven Weekly Exenatide Improved Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes during One Year of Treatment,” Diabetes, Vol. 58, 2009, p. A43.
[21] R. Bhushan, K. E. Elkind-Hirsch, M. Bhushan, W. J. Butler, K. Duncan and O. Marrioneaux, “Improved Glycemic Control and Cardiometabolic Reduction of Risk Factors in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome Treated with Exenatide in a Clinical Practice Setting,” Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, Vol. 11, No. 6, 2009, pp. 353-359.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dia.2008.0090
[22] P. A. Kothare, H. Linnebjerg, Y. Isaka, K. Uenaka, A. Yamamura, K. P. Yeo, et al., “Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Tolerability, and Safety of Exenatide in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 48, No. 12, 2008, pp. 1389-1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270008323750
[23] H. Linnebjerg, P. Kothare, S. Park, K. Mace and M. Mitchell, “The Effect of Exenatide on Lisinopril Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics in Patients with Hypertension,” International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vol. 47, No. 11, 2009, pp. 651-658.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/CPP47651
[24] E. M. Torre, J. L. Tejedor, S. A. Menendez, J. M. NunezCortes, A. A. Garcia, M. P. Sunday, et al., “Recommendations for the Pharmacological Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes,” Avances en Diabetología, Vol. 26, No. 6, 2010, pp. 331-338.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.