An antibody present in everybody that attacks malaria infected erythrocytes

James Kennedy

Manatee Memorial Hospital, Bradenton, USA.

DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2013.67A1001                

Abstract

These malaria targeting antibodies are band 3 antibodies and they recognize a special configuration of a molecule called band 3 that is present on erythrocytes. The special band 3 configuration is present on the surface of senescent erythrocytes, malaria infected erythrocytes, the erythrocytes of certain hemoglobinnopathies such as sickle cell disease and on the erythrocytes of some metabolic disorders such as G6PD. Note that these hemoglobinopathies and metabolic disorders all aid in the survival of falciparum malaria to such an extent that their incidence is increased in falciparum endemic areas [1-3]. Though there are many adhesive molecules involved in the pathology of falciparum malaria and sickle cell anemia, the focus here is on the band 3 molecules.

Keywords

Band 3; Malaria; Sickle

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Crandall, I., Guthrie, N. and Sherman, I.W. (1995) Plasmodium falciparum: Sera of individuals living in a malaria-endemic region recognize peptide motifs of the human erythrocyte anion transport protein. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 52, 450-455.
[2]	Ayi, K., Turrini, F., Piga, A. and Arese, P. (2004) Enhanced phagocytosis of ringparasitizedmutant erythrocytes: A common mechanism that mayexplain protection against falciparum malaria in sickle trait andbeta-thalassemia trait. Blood, 104, 3364-3371. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-11-3820
[3]	Hogh, B., Petersen, E., Crandall, I., Gottschau, A. and Sherman, I.W. (1994) Immune responses to band 3 neoantigens on Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in subjects living in an area of intense malaria transmission are associated with low parasite density and high hematocrit value. Infection and Immunity, 62, 4362-4366.
[4]	Pantaleo, A., Giribaldi, G., Mannu, F., Arese, P. and Turrini, F. (2008) Naturally occurring anti-band 3 antibodies and red blood cell removal under physiological and pathological conditions. Autoimmunity Review, 7, 457-462. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.03.017
[5]	Tokumasu, F., Fairhurst, R.M., Ostera, G.R., Brittain, N.J., Hwang, J., Wellems, T.E. and Dvorak, J.A. (2005) Band 3 modifications in Plasmodium falciparum-infected AA and CC erythrocytes assayed by autocorrelation analysis using quantum dots. Journal of Cell Science, 118, 1091-1098. doi:10.1242/jcs.01662
[6]	Aluoch, J.R. (1997) Higher resistance to Plasmodium falciparum infection in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease in western Kenya. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2, 568-571. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-322.x
[7]	Villaaescusa, R., Arce, A., Lelanne-Mistrih, M., Lamarre, Y., Hierso, R., Hernandez, C. and Hardy-Dessources, M. (2012) Natural antiband 3 antibodies in patients with sickle cell disease. Comptes Rendus Biologies. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2012.09.002
[8]	Naughton, B.A., Dornfest, B.S., Bush, M.E., Carlson, C.A. and Lapin, D.M. (1990) Immune activation is associated with phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in the rat. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 116, 498-507.
[9]	Crandall, I., Collins, W., Gysin, J. and Sherman, I.W. (1993) Synthetic peptides based on motifs present in human band 3 protein inhibit cytoadherence/sequestration of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90, 4703-4707. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.10.4703