Energy Saving in WSN with Directed Connectivity

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks have been implemented in many indoor applications such as offices, hospitals, laboratories for monitoring the parameters such as temperature, humidity etc. Most of the applications have used omnidirectional antennas. In randomly deployed ad hoc wireless sensor networks, this may be useful to achieve coverage and connectivity with unknown neighbors. In case of deterministic deployments such as in case of food grain storages where locations of the sensor nodes are mostly fixed, the main challenges are unstable and vacillating conditions in the godowns during loading and unloading of sacs as well as unpredictable changes in climate. Most of the commercial motes generally use omnidirectional antennas. Energy overheads increase considerably with omnidirectional antennas. Directivity increases energy saving but may be at the cost of redundancy. This paper is mainly focused on the energy advantage in ad hoc wireless sensor networks deployed in large food grain storages and energy overheads required for obtaining certain level of redundancy using directional antennas. Finally, we conclude that energy advantage can be achieved even if we overcome redundancy to certain extent.

Share and Cite:

N. Deshpande and A. Shaligram, "Energy Saving in WSN with Directed Connectivity," Wireless Sensor Network, Vol. 5 No. 6, 2013, pp. 121-126. doi: 10.4236/wsn.2013.56015.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1] J. D. Kraus and R. J. Marhefka, “Antennas for All Applications,” 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Publication, Boston, 2008.
[2] S. S. Iyengar, L. Prasad and H. Min, “Advances in Distributed Sensor Integration: Application and Theory,” Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, 1995.
[3] I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. S. Subramaniam and E. Cayirci, “Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey,” Computer Networks, 2002, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 393-422. doi:10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00302-4
[4] D. Ganesan, R. Govindan, S. Shenker and D. Estrin, “Wireless Sensor Networks,” ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review, Vol. 5, No. 4, 2001, pp. 11-25.
[5] M. Miller and N. Vaidya, “A MAC Protocol to Reduce Sensor Network Energy Consumption Using a Wake up Radio,” IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2005 pp. 228-242. doi:10.1109/TMC.2005.31
[6] W. Ye, J. Heidermann and D. Estrin, “Medium Access Control with Coordinated Adaptive Sleeping for Wireless Sensor Networks,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on networking, Vol. 12, 2004, pp. 493-506.
[7] J. Polastre, J. Hill and D. Culler, “An Adaptive Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” SenSys ‘04 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, 2004, pp. 95-107. doi:10.1145/1031495.1031508
[8] H.-N. Dai, “Throughput and Delay in WSN using Directional Antennas,” IEEE, ISSNP, 2009.
[9] M. Nilsson, “Directional Antennas for Wireless Sensor Networks,” 9th Scandinavian Workshop on Wireless Adhoc Networks (Adhoc’09), Uppsala, 4-5 May 2009.
[10] Z. M. Yu, et al., “Connected coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks with Directional Antennas,” INFOCOM, IEEE, 2011, pp. 2264-2272.
[11] S. H. Khasteh, S. B. Shouraki, N. Hajiabdorahim and E. Dadashnialehi, “A New Approach for Integrated Coverage and Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Computer Communications, Vol. 36, No. 1, 2012, pp. 113-120.
[12] Reference Document, “Role of Moisture, Temperature and Humidity in Safe Storage of Food Grains,” IGMRI, Hapur, 1996.
[13] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory,” 3rd Edition, 2005.
[14] D. Neha and A. D. Shaligram, “Minimization of Energy Overheads in Ad Hoc WSN Deployed in Food Grain Warehouse,” Proceedings of NCRIGE-2013, pp. 361-364.

Copyright © 2024 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.

Creative Commons License

This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.