The Deformation of Bromo Volcano (Indonesia) as Detected by GPS Surveys Method

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin, H. Andreas, M. Gamal, M. Hendrasto, Ony K. Suganda, M.A. Purbawinata, Irwan Meilano, F. Kimata

Department of Geodetic Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, INDONESIA.
Directorate of Vulcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (DVGHM), Jl. Diponegoro 57, Bandung 40132, INDONESIA.
Research Center for Seismology and Volcanology and Disaster Mitigation (RCSVDM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, JAPAN.

DOI:                 

Abstract

Bromo is an active type-A volcano located inside Tengger caldera in East Java province of Indonesia. In her history, Bromo has erupted at least about 50 times since 1775. The last eruption occurred on June 2004. Monitoring of Bromo activities has been continuously done since early 1989 by using seismograph. EDM and GPS surveys have also been conducted since the last eruption in Dec. 2000. Up to now there have been four GPS surveys that have been conducted, namely on Dec. 2000, June 2002, August 2003, and June 2004, respectively. The obtained GPS and EDM results show that the deformation of Bromo volcano is typically in order of a few cm, with the inflation and deflation processes before and after the eruption. Estimated location of the pressure source is found to be beneath the active crater with depth of about 1 km below the caldera floor.

Keywords

Bromo, volcano, deformation, GPS, EDM

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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