Synthesis and Ultrasonic Investigations of CuO-PVA Nanofluid

Vimal Pandey, Giridhar Mishra, S. K. Verma, Meher Wan, R. R. Yadav

Department of Applied Physics, Amity School of Engineering and Technology, New Delhi, India.
Department of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Satna, India.
Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India.

DOI: 10.4236/msa.2012.39097                

Abstract

Study of nanofluids is important for different types of heat transfer management systems. Cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were prepared by the chemical route and different nanofluid samples of CuO NPs dispersed in PVA in dif- ferent concentrations were prepared using ultrasonication. The apparatus acoustic particle sizer (APS-100) was used to make high precision measurements of the ultrasonic attenuation depending upon different frequencies in the frequency range 48 to 99 MHz. The ultrasonic attenuation data are inverted to particle size distribution (PSD) and are used for particle size determination of CuO NPs. Temperature dependent ultrasonic velocity in the samples is also measured. The results of ultrasonic spectroscopy are compared with the microscopic measurements such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). There is good agreement between data produced by ultrasonic spec- troscopy and the microscopic measurements.

Keywords

Nanofluid; Ultrasonic Attenuation; Particle Size Distribution; Ultrasonic Velocity

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	S. U. S. Choi, “Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles,” 1995 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition, San Francisco, 12- 17 November 1995, pp. 99-105.
[2]	G. Mishra, S. K. Verma, D. Singh, P. K. Yadawa and R. R. Yadav, “Synthesis and Ultrasonic Characterization of Cu/PVP Nanoparticles-Polymer Suspensions,” Open Journal of Acoustics, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011, pp. 9-14.doi:10.4236/oja.2011.11002
[3]	W. Yu and H. Xie, “A Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms and Applications,” Journal of Nano-materials, Vol. 2012, No. 2012, 2011, pp. 1-17.
[4]	A. S. Lanje, R. S. Ningthoujam, S. J. Sharma, R. B. Pode and R. K. Vatsa, “Luminescence Properties of Sn1?xFexO2 Nanoparticles,” International Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, No. 9, 2010, pp. 979-988. doi:10.1504/IJNT.2010.034703
[5]	Y. Jiang, S. Decker, C. Mohs and K. J. Klabunde, “Catalytic Solid State Reactions on the Surface of Nanoscale Metal Oxide Particles,” Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 180, No. 1, 1998, pp. 24-35. doi:10.1006/jcat.1998.2257
[6]	P.-O. Larsson and A. Andersson, “Complete Oxidation of CO, Ethanol, and Ethyl Acetate over Copper Oxide Supported on Titania and Ceria Modified Titania,” Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 179, No. 1, 1998, pp. 72-89.doi:10.1006/jcat.1998.2198
[7]	V. Chikán, á. Molnár and K. Balázsik, “One-step Synthesis of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone from Acetone and Hydrogen over Cu-on-MgO Catalysts,” Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 184, No. 1, 1999, pp. 134-143. doi:10.1006/jcat.1999.2437
[8]	C. P. Poole, T. Datta, H. A. Farach, M. M. Rigney and C. R. Sanders, “Copper Oxide Superconductors,” John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988.
[9]	O. Zabihi and S. Ghasemlou, “Nano-CuO/Epoxy Composites: Thermal Characterization and Thermo-Oxidative Degradation,” International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2012, pp. 108-121. doi:10.1080/1023666X.2012.639930
[10]	Y. Li, Y. Wei, G. Shi, Y. Xian and L. Jin, “Facile Synthesis of Leaf-Like CuO Nanoparticles and Their Application on Glucose Biosensor,” Electroanalysis, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2011, pp. 497-502. doi:10.1002/elan.201000343
[11]	S. Liu, J. Tian, L. Wang, X. Qin, Y. Zhang, Y. Luo, A. M. Asiri, A. O. Al-Youbi and X. Sun, “A Simple Route for Preparation of Highly Stable CuO Nanoparticles for Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection,” Catalysis Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2012, pp. 813-817. doi:10.1039/c2cy00453d
[12]	C. L. Carnes, J. Stipp and K. J. Klabunde, “Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption Studies of Nanocrystalline Copper Oxide and Nickel Oxide,” Langmuir, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2002, pp. 1352-1359. doi:10.1021/la010701p
[13]	R. J. Urick, “The Absorption of Sound in Suspensions of Irregular Particles,” Journal of Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1948, pp. 283-289.doi:10.1121/1.1906373
[14]	A. Józefczak and A. Skumiel, “Field-Induced Aggregates in a Bilayer Ferrofluid Characterized by Ultrasound Spectroscopy,” Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 18, No. 6, 2006, pp. 1869-1876. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/18/6/004
[15]	S. Biwa, Y. Watanabe, S. Motogi and N. Ohno, “Analysis of Ultrasonic Attenuation in Particle-Reinforced Plastics by a Differential Scheme,” Ultrasonics, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2004, pp. 5-12. doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2004.03.002