A First Principles Simulation Framework for the Interactions between a Si(001) Surface and a Scanning Probe

Dung Q. Ly, Charalampos Makatsoris

School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, London, UK..

DOI: 10.4236/jsemat.2012.223030                

Abstract

By means of total energy calculations within the framework of the local density approximation (LDA), the interactions between a silicon Si(001) surface and a scanning probe are investigated. The tip of the probe, comprising 4 Si atoms scans along the dimer lines above an asymmetric p(2 × 1) surface, at a distance where the chemical interaction between tip-surface is dominant and responsible for image resolution. At that distance, the tip causes the dimer to toggle when it scans above the lower atom of a dimer. The toggled dimers create an alternating pattern, where the immediately adjacent neighbours of a toggled dimer remain unchanged. After the tip has fully scanned across the p(2 × 1) surface, causes the dimers to arrange in a p(2 × 2) reconstruction, reproducing the images obtained in scanning probe experiments. Our modelling methodology includes simulations that reveal the energy input required to overcome the barrier to the onset of dimer toggling. The results show that the energy input to overcome this barrier is lower for the p(2 × 1) surface than that for the p(2 × 2) or c(4 × 2) surfaces.

Keywords

DFT; Si(001)-p(2 × 1), p(2 × 2), c(4 × 2); Scanning Probe Microscopy; Phase Transitions; Dimer Toggling

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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