Development and Validation of QuEChERS Method for Estimation of Propamocarb Residues in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and Soil

Sanjay Kumar Sahoo, Raminderjit Singh Battu, Balwinder Singh

.

DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2011.228120                

Abstract

An easy, simple and efficient analytical method was standardized and validated for the estimation of residues of propamocarb in tomato and soil. QuEChERS method included extraction of the sample with ethyl acetate and cleanup by treatment with PSA and graphatised carbon. Final clear extracts of ethyl acetate were concentrated under vacuum to almost dryness and reconstituted into hexane. The residues of propamocarbwere estimated using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Propamocarb presented a distinct peak at retention time of 8.962 min. Consistent recoveries of propamocarb ranging from 87 to 92 percent were observed when samples were spiked at 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 mg·kg–1 levels. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method was determined to be 0.10 mg·kg^–1.

Keywords

QuEChERS, Propamocarb, Tomato, Soil, GC-MS

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	C. D. S. Tomlin, “The Pesticide Manual,” 12th Edition, British Crop Protection Council, Bracknel, 2000, pp. 769.
[2]	E. A. Pieroh, W. Krass and C. Hemmen, “Propamocarb, ein Neues Fungizid zur Abwehr von Oomyceten im Zierpflaanzen-und Gemusebau,” Meded Fac Landbouw Rijksuniv Gent, Vol. 43, 1978, pp. 933-942.
[3]	Y. Cohen and M. D. Coffey, “Sys-temic Fungicides and Control of Oomycetes,” Annual Review of Phytopathol- ogy, Vol. 24, No. 1, 1986, pp. 311-318. doi:10.1146/annurev.py.24.090186.001523
[4]	L. Englander, J. A. Merlino and J. J. McGuire, “ Efficacy of Two New Sys-temic Fungicides and Ethazole for Con- trol of Phytophthora Root Rot of Rhododendron, and Spread of Phytophthora cin-namomi in Propagation Ben- ches,” Phytopathology, Vol. 70, 1986, pp. 1175-1179. doi:10.1094/Phyto-70-1175
[5]	L. Rapp and J. Richter, “Effect of Propamocarb-Hydro- chloride (Previcur N) on Several Isolates of SOME Py- thium and Phytophthora Species in Vitro and in Vivo,” Journal for Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Vol. 43, 1982, pp. 933-942.
[6]	J. J. Reilly, “Chemical Control of Black Shank of To- bacco,” Plant Disease, Vol. 64, 1980, pp. 274-277. doi:10.1094/PD-64-274
[7]	R. A. Bardsley, R. C. Shattock and J. P. Day, “Studies In- vestigating the Sensitivity of Phy-tophthora infestans to Propamocarb Hydrochloride,” Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Pests and Diseases, Alton, UK, 1996, pp. 719-724.
[8]	R. A. Bardsley, R. C. Shattock and J. P. Day, “Studies Comparing the Sensitivity of European and USA Isolates of Phytophthora infestans to Propamocarb Hy-drochlo- ride,” Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Pests and Diseases, Alton, UK, 1998, pp. 523-528.
[9]	L. L. May and H. Kimati, “Controle de Phytophthora parasitica com Fungicide e Efeito Desses Produtos no Crescimento Micelial de Trichoderma,” Sum Phytopathol, Vol. 26, 2000, pp. 52-57.
[10]	T. H. Wilde, “Propamocarb-HCl, a Fungicide Suitable for Integrated Pest Management. Tomato and Pepper Production in the Tropics,” Proc. Intl. Sympos, Integrated Management Practices, Taiwan, 1990, pp. 306.
[11]	T. Na-gayama, M. Kobayashi, H. Shioda and T. Tomomatsu, “Gas Chromatographic Determination of Propamocarb in Agricultural Commodities,” Journal of AOAC International, Vol. 9, No. 3, 1997, pp. 769-772.
[12]	Food and Drug Administration, “Guidance for Industry Bioanalytical Method Validation,” 2001. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM070107.pdf
[13]	C. T. Viswanathan, S. Bansal, B. Booth, A. J. DeStefano, M. J. Rose, J. Sailstad, V. P. Shah, J. P. Skelly, P. G. Swann and R. Weiner, “Quantitative Bioanalytical Methods Validation and Imple-mentation: Best Practices for Chromatographic and Ligand Binding Assays,” Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 24, No. 10, 2007, pp. 1962-1973. doi:10.1007/s11095-007-9291-7
[14]	E. Francotte, A. Davatz and P. Richert, “Development and Validation of Chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods for the Quantification of Valsartan and of the Tosylate of Valinebenzyl Ester,” Journal of Chromatography B, Vol. 686, No. 1, 1996, pp. 77-83. doi:10.1016/S0378-4347(96)00242-3