The Expanding Earth: Indisputable Evidences of the Gobi Desert

The most striking contrasts that are found on the continents in paleogeographic reconstructions of the end of the Mesozoic era are the occurrence on the place of the disappeared humid subtropics of the largest Gobi Desert in Eurasia with air temperatures falling below 50˚ from the freezing point and annual precipitation totals at the level of 100 mm. Science does not know the processes that can lead to a cooling of the atmosphere at 70˚ and other equally radical changes in nature with a stable position of the blocks of the earth’s crust in space. Changes in the environment of this magnitude can only be the result of land moving northward for a distance equal to about half the radius of the Earth. Titanosaurs, described by the remains in the Gobi deposits, had a body volume, which at modern gravity corresponds to a mass of 10 to 30 ton. However, animals with such a mass and such growth could not exist now. To create the necessary pressure in the vessels and provide energy to the body, Mongolian sauropods would need a heart of 2 - 3 m in diameter. Known types of muscle tissue are unable to maintain an elongated neck and head with a mass of more than a ton. The femur bones of four-legged dinosaurs had strength sufficient to move on land only animals weighing no more than 5 - 7 tons. The bones of giant bipedal dinosaurs at a constant gravitational field would have to be subjected to specific loads, several times greater than the bones of modern elephants, which is excluded. The natural conclusion about the action of a lesser gravity in the Mesozoic provides a solution to the mystery of the truly global spread in that era of bipedal mode of movement as the most energy efficient.


Introduction
In January 1912, Alfred Wegener gave public lectures titled "Allocation of large How to cite this paper: Retejum forms of the Earth's crust (continents and oceans) on a geophysical basis" and "Horizontal movements of continents", introducing the audience to the reconstruction of the grandiose events of the collapse of the Pangaea. The hypothesis attracted a lot of attention, and the work devoted to it "The Origin of Continents and Oceans" [1] for 15 years has passed four editions in six languages. This can be explained not only by the revolutionary concept of mobilism itself, but also by the extremely broad formulation of the problem of global development. According to the author, "only through the synthesis of all the Earth Sciences, we can find the truth, that is, to restore the picture that best presents us with a set of known facts and therefore can claim the greatest probability. But even then we must constantly remember that every new discovery, to whatever branch of science it may belong, can change the conclusions we have drawn." Despite the success of the book, it was probably evident at the time that "not all researchers fully realized ... the importance of combining data from different fields of knowledge." It is impossible to speak about improvement of a cognitive situation and a century later.
Fairly well known the main features of the most interesting celestial body: the inclination of the rotation axis, its pear-shaped form with a massive, predominantly the marine part to the South of the equator, the differences between the Pacific and Continental hemispheres, close to the meridional orientation of the continents, the existence of thousands of kilometres of deep-sea rift marks stretching of the lithosphere, the similarity of topography on the earth's surface, etc., but the forces that created them are not a subject of active discussion in the modern literature. Thus, the Curie principle is violated, which aims at finding correspondences of symmetry and dissymmetry of bodies to existing causes. The   study of Mongolia, free from any a priori ideas, allows us to solve a number of problems of the functioning of the biosphere millions of years ago.

Mongolia and Northern China during the Cretaceous
The territory of modern Gobi Desert is considered a real paleontological El Do-       with a mass of more than a ton, not to mention striking multi-meter tail on attacking predators. Finally, the femur bones of four-legged dinosaurs had strength sufficient to move on land only animals weighing no more than 5 -7 tons.
An even more clear picture of the limits of life are bipedal reptiles that have a load on the bone increases two or three times. The speed of their movement is a subject of acute debate in biomechanics, but the fact that they walked or ran for a very short time relied on one leg (Figure 9), the bones of which would have to withstand a huge impulse stress from the body, close in weight to the African elephant.
As we know, elephants do not run at all to avoid fractures, as a rule, rely on three legs at once, and only in extreme cases resort to amble, drawing on two legs.
Meanwhile, the limb bones of living elephants and bipedal giant dinosaurs differ little in diameter and, obviously, other characteristics (compare Figure 10 and Figure 8).

Millions of Years Later
The Gobi is the region with the most extreme climate on the globe (see [27]).
Suffice it to say that the temperature amplitude of the surface layer of air here annually exceeds 80˚. The duration of the frost-free period in the desert is only 120 -150 days. In winter, its space is dominated by frosty little snow weather, close to subarctic. Minimum temperatures even in summer are below 15˚

Warm Climate with Two-Cell Atmospheric Circulation
In the Quaternary, when the planet was periodically subjected to glaciation against the background of gradual cooling, in the atmosphere of its Northern and southern hemispheres, the transfer of heat and moisture from the Equatorial belt heated by sunlight to the temperate latitudes and poles is carried out by a system of three circulation cells ( Figure 13).
Reserves of heat and moisture in the atmosphere are distributed by circulation cells over vast areas of continents and oceans, while in the Arctic and Antarctic there is a constant shortage of them due to the long distances of transportation.
In the distant past, the situation was radically different. On a planet that was slightly larger than its modern core, there were only two atmospheric circulation cells functioning. The processes of heat and mass turnover on the Mesozoic planet  were much more intense than now. In addition, due to the smaller diameter of the planet in winter at high angles of inclination of the sun's rays in the high latitudes received more energy and did not occur as large inter-latitude thermal contrasts.
To explain the paradox of the existence of two fundamentally different geographical systems in one place in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic can be the only way-movements in space on the surface of the expanding planet. Counterparts Goby landscape of Cretaceous age still exist, they are 20˚ -30˚ to the South of Mongolia.

Conclusions
The hypotheses dominating in modern natural science display separate frag- And if our Galaxy is a complete system, then astronomy should provide an understanding of the nature of the processes that can lead to a decrease and increase in the temperature of a cold celestial body at a rate completely incomparable with the pace of the star evolution.
The concept of the growth of the Earth is the real direction of the boundless interdisciplinary synthesis dreamed of by Alexander Humboldt and his followers throughout the world.

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.