Automatic Surveillance and Control System Framework-DPS-KA-AT for Alleviating Disruptions of Social Media in Higher Learning Institutions

The worldwide change and transformations are taking place in socio-techno cultures. In the epicenter of all these Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the Internet is the backbone and paving salient communications and computations Medias like the emergence of social networking sites (SNSs). These SNSs are facilitating globalized entertainment, sociali-zation, communications, and information sharing over hand-held electronic gazettes/mobiles like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Skype, and WhatsApp etc. The positive side of these SNSs is making the world a social village but apart from these positive aspects, there is another trait of multifold adversi-ties/disruptions or negative effects which still have not been exposed and drawn attention. The remedial action for such adversities is needed to be designed and developed. The all age groups and genders are typically involved and resulting in wastage of time, money and peace of minds. The adverse effects of social media users in a Higher Learning Institutions are getting worse day-by-day. The prime aim of this research study is to design an automatic Surveillance System Framework for alleviation of the social media disruptions in these institutions. This framework aims to design and develop a surveillance system and access control guidelines for judiciously alleviating the misuse of social media. The study used MS form, Protopie, adobe XD and InVision for data collection, framework design and prototype development re-spectively. This research is an attempt to apply an explanatory and applied research design science approach using survey, interviews and technical observa-tions-based primary data analytics. The study concluded with a cloud-based automatic surveillance, auto alerts and control system framework (DPS-KA-AT) and functionally validated by a system framework prototype. In the survey and interview, the 66% respondents’ response was “YES”, while 34% “NO” when enquired for the need assessment of the automatic surveillance and control system towards alleviation of the social media adversities or disruptions. This percentage indicates that the highest number of respondent or the highest number of higher learning institutions communities need an urgent automatic monitoring, surveillance and control system towards alleviation of such adversi-ties/disruptions. The study concluded with a remark “a concrete and Automatic Surveillance and Control System Framework can be a great instrumental for mi-nimizing the adversities of social media in higher learning institutions”. Network Participation and Academic Performance In Senior High Schools in Ghana Mingle & Adams, 2015. The study revealed that majority of respondents used WhatsApp and Facebook for making friends and chatting. In addition, the majority of respondents experienced negative effects such as poor grammar and spelling, late submission of assignments, less study time and poor academic performance due to the heavy participation on social media networks. This research paper is focused on how students networked and participated on social media networks, time invested by students on social networks, the effects of social media on students’ grammar and spelling as well as the effects of social network participation on the student’s academic performance But there is no any addressed framework for controlling such adversities.


Introduction
The entire world and the people are dramatically changing their work, communication and social culture with respect to changes in the time and innovation. Today so- Social media is the term often used to refer to new forms of media that involve interactive participation. The development of media is divided into two different ages. i.e. broadcast and interactive age. In the broadcast age, medias were almost exclusively centralized. Such as a Radio or Television station, Newspaper Company, or a Movie production studio which distribute messages to many people.
While in the interactive age digital and mobile technologies are used. It became cooler for individuals before with large scale. In the interactive age, individual persons were unable to speak to so many people with instant feedback but today it's possible in an instant of time. The low cost and accessibility of new technology also allowed more options for media consumption than ever before. At the core of this ongoing revolution is social media. Social media has two common characteristics to define: First, social media allows some forms of participation [4].
Social media is never completely passive, even if sometimes social networking sites such as Facebook may allow passive viewing of what others are posting.

Problem under Investigation with Goal of the Research
Human beings have a long life experience of communication and information transferring in this world to make the life simple and comfortable. The way of communication is changed from generation to generation as there is a change in innovation. These innovations lead to emergence of technologies. But it's observed that these Medias are becoming an addictive factor for human generations. University communities in general and Ethiopia in specific are also required to expose to the addiction and misuse of social Medias. Social media addiction is also called as process addiction, which has negative effects on students and government employees in their time and work management. Family relationship with their children, husband-to-wife, and neighbor-to-neighbor are also getting affected. Disturbance in social life and political instabilities are also in the heart of the social Medias. All across the world, it has been observed by research studies [6] [7] that the social Medias and systems are trying to make human generation addicted. As a slow poison human generation is gradually becoming the "slave" of technology rather than "savvy". As final game of human generation seems that it is totally surrendered and became the slave of the social Medias or Technology. This adverse effect can be seen every day and everywhere among every age group people from poor to rich, male to female, east to west, north to south, top to bottom, bottom to top and educated to uneducated.
The prime goal of this research paper is to design an Automatic Surveillance and Control System Framework with a Prototype Design for alleviating Adversities and Disruptions of Social Media in Higher Educational Institutions in general and Ethiopia higher learning institutions as specific case study and analysis.

Review of Related Research Literature
In order to understand the contribution of different researchers in the world; this study reviewed several research papers, Journal papers and thesis documents. The summary of reviewed papers is summarized in Table 1.

Summary with Research-Ability Remarks/Knowledge-Gap
Researcher surveyed the existing related research works in the problem identified area. A few research papers were found which are only focused to identify whether social Medias have effect on human generation or not in specific developed countries mainly in academic context. Most of the papers reviewed in this study did not cover the addictive nature of social Medias [8] [9] [10]. And the most of the studies failed to suggest/design or model to reduce the addictiveness This concise review paper focuses on the recent findings regarding the suggested connection between SNS and mental health issues such as depressive symptoms, changes in self-esteem, and Internet addiction.
In this research Researcher aims only to conduct a concise review focuses on the recent findings regarding the suggested connection between SNS and mental health issues such as depressive symptoms, changes in self-esteem, and Internet addiction, rather than finding some framework or guideline to prevent addiction and abuse.

Research Design
The study uses Survey based Explanatory and Applied research in which a Framework is developed with functional Prototype to implement, validate and conduct the acceptance test of the research outcomes. The study starts upon identification and analysis of the utilization of social networking sites or social Medias in everyday activities. Also, the study covers only the university academic community stakeholders for academic tasks.

Research Approach
Collecting in depth technical facts about the current situation of social media utilization the motivation is to use qualitative and quantitative techniques. It provides insights into the setting and answering the reasons of the problem. In this research, the study has selected qualitative and quantitative methods for gathering the most important and relevant facts from the respondents who are target population and competent stakeholders to give detailed inputs and answers related to the research problem domain. This study used a mixed approach (i.e. both qualitative and quantitative) because of that the data collected is both in words and numbers; for data collection and analysis. The research methodology incorporates the statistical analysis of the data collected.

Sampling Method
In this study, Purposive sampling which represents a group of different nonprobability sampling techniques is used. Also known as judgmental, selective or subjective sampling, purposive sampling relies on the judgment of the researcher when it comes to selecting the units (e.g., people, cases/organizations, events, pieces of data) that are to be studied [14]. Based on this, the sample size for this research study was eighty-eight (88) which depends on different conditions and criteria's set by researcher for selecting respondents for Open-ended interview and Online Survey. Here the research study is more over scientifically applied and constructive and therefore eighty-eight (88) sample size is sufficiently representative for generalization.

Data Analysis
As the primary data is analyzed similar concept and result is observed under the several secondary data sources. The secondary data sources were also investi-  sources such as: journals, articles, dissertation, related thesis, different research project reports those are conducted prior to this research were studied and analyzed. From other domains such as psychology, psychiatry, communication, health informatics, sport and behavioral science; while in the same domain or in technology: cloud-related technology, several framework design strategies, both prototype and application design or developments and mobile radiation control mechanisms related work, mobile tower installation works and family internet control apps with their documents are used as reviewed under the related work literature reviews. So that the analyzed data from all source reveals that there is a need for designing automatic surveillance and control system framework over cloud with prototype demonstration. The data is mainly used as an input for the framework design.

Data Analysis and Discussion
1) Have you ever violated command for using social networking sites when parents or teachers have asked you not to do?
This research survey question was about violating or not violating the families command or teachers. Hence the greater percentage as mentioned in Figure 2 (62%) of the respondents responded "NO" while 38% respondents responded "YES"; which clearly indicates that the code of conducts are seriously under threat and needs for alternative measures to control and alleviate.
2) Do you prefer to interact with people on social networking sites rather than face to face? This question revealed an alarming state of threat where 46% respondents response was "YES" and 54% response was "NO". This clearly indicates that majority of the university community i.e. 54% are not preferring SNS to interact with people and presented in Figure 3.  This question covers the responses about psychoanalysis. Here the 61% response of the respondents was "YES" and 39% was "NO". This once again clearly indicated that a large number of members of the university communities i.e. 61% got frustrated while occasionally SNS goes down or not working. This is one of an indication about social media and internet addiction. This phenomenon state once again indicates that there is a strong need of real-time surveillance and control mechanisms so as to target problem can be resolved to achieve the central goal of this research. Figure 5 presents the summarized response percentage of respondents.

5) What is your major aim to use the social media site?
From the selected sample 23.17% respondents responded that they use social media for reading news updates, 21.59% responded that they use for keeping them in touch with their friends, 12.38% responded to have the meeting with new friends, 10.79% responded for religious affairs, 8.89% for employment, 7.94% for inspiration, 6.98% for political debate and discussion, 5.71% for browsing undetermined reading or watching stuff for passing the time and the 2.54% responded that they use for business affairs like buying and selling products and services. In addition to it, the researcher's observation also verified the responses in align with and indicates that the first three responses (reading news     researchability. Figure 7 presents the summarized response percentage of respondents.

7)
How often do you find yourself saying "just a few more minutes" when using social media?
From the survey 4.55% respondents responded never, 6.82% very rarely,  . How often do you find yourself saying "just a few more minutes" when using SNS. Figure 9. How often do you feel stressed, disconnected, or paranoid when you are unable to access social media sites? Figure 10. Do you feel that there is a strong and urgent need of a monitoring, surveillance and control system for alleviating the adversities/disruptions? Figure 11 presents the general framework over cloud. It is designed by combination of different set of operations and services expected from the framework to be delivered at each of the three layers. The designed system framework over the cloud computing is clustered into three layers (SaaS, PaaS and IaaS) that is Upper/pre-request layer, middle/ transaction layer, and bottom/ application ending layer.

Upper/Pre-Request Layer (SaaS)
This pre-request layer is called as upper layer, because it is located at the top layer of the whole framework of the proposed system and it is the first mandatory layer to proceed for the next layer's functions/services. This pre-request layer consists of different functions like: loading function, signup function and login function.
Loading function: used to load the apps for the first time to use on a device.
The loading of app takes place either offline or online. Figure 11. The automatic surveillance and control system framework over the cloud. Signup function: It is a function which is used to create an account for the system usage using name, email and password.
Login function: used to login to have access and get service of the proposed framework when transformed into a fully functional system using the previous signup attributes (username and password). Generally this upper layer proposed to use cloud service delivery mode of software as a service/SaaS.

Bottom/Ending Layer (IAAS)
It is the final layer of this automatic surveillance and control system framework.
It is designed to allow users of SNS to intercommunicate with the middle layer and also go back to the upper layer either to start another process or to exit. This application ending layer has two functions i.e. info & advice and back or exit function. Description for each are as follows: Info & advice function: is a function designed to give updated information like: how to use social media in a balanced way, mechanism to be free from social media addiction, symptoms for social media/ internet addiction are posted and displayed for users to have an informed social media users/customers in Ethiopian universities.
Back or Exit function: is a function of prototype designed within this layer to allow user to return back to the main/upper and middle layer of this proposed automatic surveillance control system framework. At the same time it also allows the user to exit from the framework service and access.
Generally, this button/application ending layer of the proposed framework is called as infrastructure as a service of cloud service delivery mode. At all the summarized overview and description of this proposed automatic surveillance and control system framework is elaborated under prototype design and descriptions.

System Designer
This framework also keeps the space for future designers or developers by availing cloud-based services, tools and techniques. In this section, the designer may specify the cloud deployment model based on the requirements of the business communication along with the surveillance and control. In addition to it, the developers also can think and decide the deployment strategies based on the requirements of the system set by the designer for the cloud services. Here the space for decision is open for both the designers and developers to avail the deployment model from private, public, and community or hybrid clouds.

System Administrator/Broker
This component of the framework facilitates and helps designers to select the most viable services based on the salient criteria's and suitability assessments. The best fit model and the designing or developing tools, techniques and infrastructure are provided with help/support of Cloud Service Provider (CSP) Admin or third party Broker.

Prototype Design
In this section, researcher presents a prototype of the proposed system framework. Here the desired prototype, which is designed and validated using experts' views. The main goal of the prototype design is to move towards the next phase towards development of a fully function surveillance and control system. In order to design a prototype, this research used InVision prototyping tool along with Adobe XD and protopie. These Prototyping tools are very interesting and interactive for designing prototypes for different computational devices like: laptop, desktop computers, tablets and several kinds of smartphones.

Design Description of a Prototype for Mobile Devices
The proposed prototype design of a system is composed of a client application running on different kinds of computing devices and a server side prototype application (cloud-based) capable of handling user process or transaction; which is managing the timer set by users and providing the desired social media access and services.

Discussion of the Results
Nowadays adopting the Cloud Computing technology for assurance of On-demand Scalability, improved Flexibility, Boundary-less Accessibility, Cost-effectiveness, High-end Availability, etc. are the most important features which drive different organizations to migrate their manual or on premise ICT resources, systems and applications over cloud [15]. Because of cloud supported user-friendly, easy and interesting prototyping tools, designers are preferring for designing their prototypes over cloud. In this study, the proposed framework's prototype is also designed using cloud-based InVision studio and Adobe XD. The collected and analyzed facts showed that Ethiopian university communities are utilizing social network sites using mobile, laptop, desktops and tablets for their communications and socializations. Hence this automatic surveillance control prototype for the target users can be directly connected and communicated using internet/cloud to the services developed and delivered over cloud.

Conclusions
Based upon the primary data collected and analyzed using survey (question-

Recommendations
In this study, the system framework prototype is designed and validated over a cloud platform using the free trial version tools and technologies. Therefore, researcher recommended that for the future researchers; if possible, it can be fully