Bibliometric Analysis of the Field of Professional Ethics Education

Professional ethics education is an indispensable part of vocational education. Integrating the cultivation and practice of socialist core values into professional ethics education pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress is an inherent requirement for practicing socialist values. With the help of the visual knowledge mapping tool Citespace software, the papers of the core journals with the theme of “Ideological and Political Education” in the CNKI database since 1993 are studied. The current situation of research in this field is revealed by the statistics of the amount of papers, the co-occurrence analysis of research institutions and research authors. The main content of research in this field is clarified by the analysis of highly cited papers. Through the analysis of keyword co-occurrence, this paper reveals the hot issues in this field, and through the analysis of the time zone distribution of keywords, clarifies the development context of this field to accurately grasp the research process in the field of professional ethics education in China. In order to further strengthen the study of professional ethics education in China, it provides reference, and then improves the effect of professional ethics education.


Introduction
The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that to promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture, it is necessary to "strengthen social morality, professional ethics, family virtues and personal morality, and guide people to consciously perform their legal obligations, social responsibilities and family responsibilities." Wu & Liu (2017) pointed out that vocational moral education is not only an important part of the current moral education in Colleges and universities, but also an important part of quality education. It is also the basis of Vocational College Students' view of career selection and even the formation of values education. The core goal of professional ethics education is to pursue the effectiveness of educational results (Wang, 2017). However, the formation of professional ethics is affected by many social factors. As the degree of professional education of practitioners is getting higher and higher, the professional ethics education of colleges and universities has not followed up (Xiao & Zhu, 2004), which leads to a variety of social evaluations of the professional ethics of employees in different industries.
There are many evaluations of professional ethics, and at the same time, it has also led to a large number of scholars' in-depth discussion of professional ethics education.
Although the amount of literature on professional ethics education has reached a certain number, few scholars have introduced and combed existing achievements in the past relevant research results, and the quantitative analysis of professional ethics education by using the bibliometric method is one of the few. Based on this, this paper uses the papers included in the core journals of China Knowledge Network (CNKI) as the data source, and sets the subject word as "professional moral education". The search is completed as of 2018, and a total of 1103 records are obtained. Unrelated papers such as notices, journal catalogues, and news reports, and finally 596 sample articles were obtained. Then, we use Excel, Citespace and other software to visualize the literature. Among them, Excel carries out traditional data statistics and analysis, Citespace realizes co-existing map analysis of authors and institutions, and co-occurrence and timely analysis of keywords. Finally, the hot issues and future trends in the field of professional ethics education are obtained in order to provide systematic and relevant guidance for the research in this field.

Literature Quantity
Through the analysis of the amount of papers in different years, the research progress in the field of professional ethics education can be predicted. Figure 1 shows the year distribution of the papers on professional ethics education in core journals from 1993 to 2018.   Table 1 lists more than ten journals with a total of 322 articles on professional ethics education, accounting for 54.03% of the sample literature. It can be seen from Table 1 that the high-ranking journals in this field are mainly distributed in occupations, education, etc. Among them, the most published articles are Education and Vocation, followed by Chinese Vocational and Technical Education, Journal of Vocational Education, China Adult Education and so on. The literature published in these journals covers many aspects of research in this field, and it also represents a research hotspot in this research field to a certain extent, and follow-up scholars can use it as a reference source for journals.

Research Institution Analysis
First of all, in the sample literature, the information of the research institutions with more than three publications is shown in Then, in order to more comprehensively analyze the situation of research institutions in this field, this paper uses Citespace software to generate the research    To sum up, we can see that: 1) At present, there are many research institutions in this field, but there are still no influential institutions. The authoritative research institutions in this field need to be further explored.
2) The cooperation among institutions is weak, there are no research teams, and many research teams need to be formed in the future. 3) There are no provinces in the western region in the research field, indicating that the research forces in this field are not evenly distributed. More exchanges and cooperation should be carried out between different regions to promote the study of professional ethics education.
The results have been further improved.

Research Author Analysis
The author's number of studies can measure the scale of research in this field (Yu, 2019). Figure   team and 115 two-two cooperation relationship. There are 388 authors who have a cooperative relationship, accounting for 49.55%. It can be seen that the current research authors have formed a certain cooperative relationship, but there is still a considerable proportion of authors' cooperation. In the future, more influential cooperation teams will be formed to promote research in this field.

Distribution of Research Content
Through the statistics of highly cited papers on professional ethics education in core journals, the top five papers were cited (Table 3). The analysis of high-cited papers can understand the main content distribution of scholars in this field.
The specific analysis is as follows: The literature with the highest frequency of citations mainly analyzes the unsafe factors in nursing work and proposes corresponding management countermeasures. Yan, Weng & Li (2003) believes that the unsafe factors in nursing work will directly affect the nursing effect, patient rehabilitation, the image of the hospital in the eyes of patients and the public, and has a negative impact on the reputation of the hospital. Even medical costs have risen, material consumption has increased, and the economic burden of patients has increased. In order to solve the problems in nursing, hospitals should improve the quality of nursing  Li & Yang (2016) mainly analyze the relationship between the cultivation of skilled talents and the cultivation of "artisan spirit", pointing out that the "artisan spirit" is an excellent gene for high-skilled talents. In the face of the imperfections of vocational education, it is necessary to strengthen the professional ethics education of students, so that the training of skilled talents can achieve the unity of high-level professional ability and good professional spirit.
Sun Xiaoling mainly systematically constructs the connotation of professional spirit based on professional quality. In the article, she pointed out that professional ethics is professional spirit. She believed that vocational spiritual education in higher vocational colleges is essentially professional spiritual education for students in Higher Vocational colleges. Professionalism is not only the spiritual temperament needed by modern industrial and commercial society, but also the spiritual temperament necessary for the self-development of professional people. It is related to the socialized large-scale production and the refinement of the division of labor. Gan (2003) discussed the professional ethics of teachers and denied the view that "teachers should have the same high morality as moralists". He considered this to be a misunderstanding of the relationship between "teacher morality" and "educational morality". He believes that teachers' professional ethics and teachers' personal ethics are different. Teachers should have morality and they also need noble morality. However, this noble ethics is still an ordinary person's morality in essence, and teachers should not be regarded as moralists.
Cheng (2005)  It can be seen that the research contents in the field of professional ethics education are all around this theme, but they are relatively independent. They can be specifically analyzed for different occupations, and can also be constructed for the connotation of related nouns.

Analysis of Research Hotspots
The analysis of high-frequency word keywords in a time period can summarize the hot issues of scholars in this period. This paper uses Citespace to conduct a co-occurrence analysis of the keywords in the field of professional ethics education, and obtains the keyword co-occurrence map of This formula also applies to the determination of high-frequency keywords (Wang & Chen, 2014). M a is the high-frequency keyword threshold, and N max is the highest value of the frequency of texts during the academic period. To ensure the scientific nature of the analysis, "professional ethics" is the word with the highest co-occurrence frequency except for the subject word "professional ethics education", and its frequency is 120. The high-frequency keyword M ≈ 8.20 in the field is calculated by Price's law. Therefore, the keywords with a frequency of not less than 9 are used as the high-frequency keywords studied in this paper.
Since the centrality can reflect the importance of keywords in the co-occurrence map, it also measures the structure of the co-word network. Therefore, the specific frequency and centrality of high-frequency keywords are listed in the following table (Table 4), and combined with the status quo of research in the field of professional ethics education, the following important research hotspots are summarized.
First, the content of professional ethics education. This theme mainly includes high-frequency keywords such as "vocational morality", "vocational education", "the accountancy ethic", "education", "moral education", "morality education", "vocational college" and "higher vocational education". In the field of profes-   Zhu (2016) proposed that professional ethics education is an important part of higher vocational education, and it is also the main link to improve students' literacy and solve social moral education problems. Zhang & Li (2018) also believe that professional ethics education is the righteousness of higher vocational colleges.
With regard to the problems in this field, Zhu Xiangnan, Zhang Paifang and Li Hongrong pointed out that in the process of professional ethics education in higher vocational colleges, there are some problems, such as weak pertinence of vocational ethics education, outdated methods of vocational ethics education, imperfect system of vocational ethics education, inadequate innovation of teaching contents and methods, and running schools with closed doors. As a result, the cultivation of professional ethics in the process of practice is neglected. Second, the research object of professional ethics education. This theme mainly includes high-frequency keywords such as "higher vocational colleges", "university students", "higher vocational college students" and "Huang Yanpei". From the highly cited literature and the co-occurrence map, it is known that the research subjects in this field also include teachers, medical students, and accounting majors. Wu (2018) analyzed the origin, connotation and modern value of Huang Yanpei's vocational education teaching thoughts. And put forward the various measures of how to train students in vocational colleges in the new era. It can be seen that the famous educator Huang Yanpei has profound influence on modern vocational education in China. Regarding college students, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out when investigating China University of Political Science and Law: "Standing on the people of Lide, not only must improve the students' legal knowledge, but also cultivate students' ideological and moral qualities (People's Daily 2017)." Chen & Xu (2017) also pointed out that strengthening the ideological and moral education of college students is always the fundamental starting point and foothold of building morality and cultivating people in Colleges and universities. Regarding teachers, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is necessary to "strengthen the construction of teachers' morality and ethics and cultivate a team of high-quality teachers." As for medical students, the Special Committee on International Medical Education stipulates in the Global Minimum Basic Requirements (GMER) of medical education that doctors trained in medical colleges all over the world must possess the basic qualities of "medical knowledge, clinical skills, professional attitude, behavior and professional ethics". Zhou & Sun (2016) point out that while medicine contributes to society and serves people's health needs, the utilitarianism of medical behavior is increasingly revealed, and medical disputes and contradictions between doctors and patients are also increasing. Medical students' professional ethics and medical humanistic spirit are extremely important. As for higher vocational colleges and students, higher vocational colleges are the bases for training a large number of vocational talents, such as higher vocational students. Scholars mostly analyze the obligations of higher vocational colleges and the problems in vocational ethics education of higher vocational students. For example, Wang (2014) pointed out that some colleges lacked an operational evaluation mechanism for the specific behaviors and effects of higher vocational ethics education, which made the vocational colleges lack the motivation to invest in professional ethics education.
Third, the practical methods of professional ethics education. This theme mainly includes high-frequency keywords such as "combination of work and learning" and "approaches". On the basis of some scholars' proposals on professional ethics, many scholars have put forward specific methods and paths on how to carry out professional ethics education. Ying Jinping proposed that the exploration and practice of students' professional ethics training mechanism under the combination of work and study is the embodiment of the characteristics and quality of higher vocational talents. In the combination of engineering and learning, students have four identities at the same time. This makes professional ethics education not an isolated education, but a moral education system that combines personal morality, professional ethics, family virtues and social morality, which is conducive to the full development of students' professional ethics. Xu (2007) explored the ways of college students' professional ethics education from five aspects: classroom teaching, routine education activities, social professional practice experience, career design and implementation, corporate culture and campus culture. Liu, Huang & Yang (2014) deconstructed the competency of accountants and proposed that integrating on-site learning and formal education is the core of professional ethics education. We should achieve the goal of increasing professional ethics sensitivity, fostering professional responsibility and improving professional ethics decision-making skills through all possible means.

Research Trend
Based on the co-occurrence of keywords, this paper selects "Timezone" in Citespace software and removes the keyword "professional moral education" to obtain the timezone of keywords in professional ethics education research ( Figure 5). The larger the node in the figure, the more frequent the keyword appears, such as " vocational morality", "higher vocational colleges", "moral education", "university students", " approaches" and so on. 1993-2018 is the embryonic stage of research. There are few research literatures, and the keywords obtained are relatively limited, but they are more obvious in the map, such as "education", "vocational morality", "moral education" and other keywords. Liu (1998) put forward that professional ethics is an important part of Ideological and moral quality, and plays an important role in promoting the formation of professional quality. Chen (2003) pointed out that From the keywords of "medical students", "university students", "higher vocational college students", "teachers" and other key words, we can know that the research in this field from meticulous to precise occupation. At the same time, the "present situation", "vocational education thought", "morality education" "professional quality" has been deeply explored. The Ministry of Education and other seven departments "Several Opinions on Further Strengthening Vocational Education" (Faculty [2004] No. 12) pointed out that vocational colleges should fully implement quality education and strengthen the ideological and moral construction of students. Yin & Qi (2005) pointed out that vocational quality education includes professional ethics education, professional knowledge quality education, professional physical and mental quality education, professional aesthetic quality education, vocational labor quality education. And they believed that vocational quality education in higher vocational colleges in China The core issue is the education and training of students' professional ethics.

Conclusion
Based on the bibliometric perspective, this paper makes a visual analysis of 596 articles on the subject of professional ethics education collected by core journals in CNKI database from 1993 to 2018 with Citespace and other software. It mainly analyses the current situation, content, hotspots and trends of the research in the field of professional ethics education, and draws the following conclusions.
Through the analysis of the authors, research institutions and the amount of papers in different fields in the field of professional ethics education, it is found that the field has experienced three stages of research sprouting, rapid development and slow development. At the same time, a large number of research scholars and research institutions have emerged, but the influential authors' cooperation team has yet to be explored, and the cooperation between research institutions needs to be strengthened.
Through the analysis of the highly cited literature, the research content in this field mainly focuses on the theme of professional ethics education, and analyzes the ethical problems and solutions in different occupations and occupations.
Through the analysis of the frequency of keywords and the co-occurrence map, the hot issues in the field are derived from three aspects. Firstly, the content of professional ethics education mainly includes the connotation determination of the related terms of professional ethics education and the existing problems in this field. Secondly, the research objects of vocational ethics education mainly focus on students, such as higher vocational students, medical students, college students, etc. At the same time, it also includes some professions which are widely concerned by the society, such as accounting, nursing, and cultivating the main body of Higher Vocational students, such as higher vocational colleges, which are also the hot research objects in this field.
Through the analysis of the keyword co-occurrence time zone map, it is found that the research in this field will always be policy-oriented, and the research of professional ethics will be extended to analyze the moral status of different occupations, so as to propose improvements to the existing problems. The countermeasures continue to improve the professional ethics education in China.